The study of the laser parameters and environment variables effect on mechanical properties of high compact parts elaborated by selective laser melting 316L powder

Zhang, Baicheng; Dembinski, Lucas; Coddet, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2013.06.055

Cited by 324 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…With regards to the microstructure, long elongated grains were observed parallel to the building direction and consistent with other SLM work processing 316L [7]. These grains exhibit austenitic behaviour as is common in most 300 series stainless steels (316L included) [11,34]. The production of austenite grains is highly temperature and cooling rate dependent, with minimal variation observed in microstructures produced using samples sets A, B, and C, these observations are consistent with other work on SLM processing 316L with variable processing parameters [7].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Research in the field of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is broad, with many focused on parameter optimisation for achieving consistent high density parts and establishing a relationship between parameters and final part mechanical properties for specific materials [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Understanding the phenomenon of residual stresses building up in SLM parts due to high thermal gradients and strategies for minimising the residual stresses and their detrimental effects such as cracking and warping of parts are other areas of interest for researchers [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In-Built Customised Mechanical Failure of 316L Components Fabricated Using Selective Laser Melting

2017

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Abstract:The layer-by-layer building methodology used within the powder bed process of Selective Laser Melting facilitates control over the degree of melting achieved at every layer. This control can be used to manipulate levels of porosity within each layer, effecting resultant mechanical properties. If specifically controlled, it has the potential to enable customisation of mechanical properties or design of in-built locations of mechanical fracture through strategic void placement across a component, enabling accurate location specific predictions of mechanical failure for fail-safe applications. This investigation examined the process parameter effects on porosity formation and mechanical properties of 316L samples whilst maintaining a constant laser energy density without manipulation of sample geometry. In order to understand the effects of customisation on mechanical properties, samples were manufactured with in-built porosity of up to 3% spanning across~1.7% of a samples' cross-section using a specially developed set of "hybrid" processing parameters. Through strategic placement of porous sections within samples, exact fracture location could be predicted. When mechanically loaded, these customised samples exhibited only~2% reduction in yield strength compared to samples processed using single set parameters. As expected, microscopic analysis revealed that mechanical performance was closely tied to porosity variations in samples, with little or no variation in microstructure observed through parameter variation. The results indicate that there is potential to use SLM for customising mechanical performance over the cross-section of a component.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Built Customised Mechanical Failure of 316L Components Fabricated Using Selective Laser Melting

2017

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“…The purpose at that early phase was mainly to understanding the SLM process [120][121][122], and with the development of SLM process the focuses and aims gradually shift to exploring the possibilities of manufacturing high-value added components. The most commonly reported SLM iron-base alloys include 316L stainless steel [123][124][125][126][127][128].…”

Section: Materials Manufactured With Slmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 : Microstructures and Mechanical Properties

Deng

2018

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Licentiate Thesis

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Linköping 2018Cover image: A fracture surface of EBM IN718 after tensile test at room temperature.During the course of research underlying this thesis, Dunyong Deng was enrolled in Agora Materiae, a multidiciplinary doctoral program at Linköping University, Sweden. Printed by LiU-Tryck 2018 © Dunyong Deng AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has gained significant interest in aerospace, energy, automotive and medical industries due to its capabilities of manufacturing components that are either prohibitively costly or impossible to manufacture by conventional processes. Among the various additive manufacturing processes for metallic components, electron beam melting (EBM) and selective laser melting (SLM) are two of the most widely used powder bed based processes, and have shown great potential for manufacturing high-end critical components, such as turbine blades and customized medical implants. The futures of the EBM and SLM are doubtlessly promising, but to fully realize their potentials there are still many challenges to overcome.Inconel 718 (IN718) is a nickel-base superalloy and has impressive combination of good mechanical properties and low cost. Though IN718 is being mostly used as a turbine disk material now, the initial introduction of IN718 was to overcome the poor weldability of superalloys in 1960s, since sluggish precipitation of strengthening phases γ ′ /γ ′′ enables good resistance to strain-age cracking during welding or post weld heat treatment. Given the similarity between AM and welding processes, IN718 has been widely applied to the metallic AM field to facilitate the understandings of process-microstructure-property relationships.The work presented in this licentiate thesis aims to better understand microstructures and mechanical properties EBM and SLM IN718, which have not been systematically investigated. Microstructures of EBM and SLM IN718 have been characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with the process conditions. Monotonic mechanical properties (e.g., Vickers microhardness and tensile properties) have also been measured and rationalized with regards to the microstructure evolutions before and after heat treatments.For EBM IN718, the results show the microstructure is not homogeneous but dependant on the location in the components, and the anisotropic mechanical properties are probably attributed to alignment of porosities rather than texture.iii Post heat treatment can slightly increase the mechanical strength compared to the as-manufactured condition but does not alter the anisotropy. SLM IN718 shows significantly different microstructure and mechanical properties to EBM IN718. The as-manufactured SLM IN718 has very fine dendritic microstructure and Laves phases in the interdendrites, and is "work-hardened" by the residual strains and dislocations present in the material. Mechanical properties are different between horizontally and vertically built samples, and heat treatment can m...

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“…The support structure is essential in controlling the deformation of parts caused by heat-induced stresses [9]. The design of the support structure is thus critical for the success of the fabricated structures [10]. Therefore, in addition to the system technology, user experience and understanding of the process play a crucial role in the success of a build [11].…”

Section: Opsommingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Round Robin Study for Laser Beam Melting in Metal Powder Bed

Ahuja

Schaub

Junker

et al. 2016

SAJIE

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With its ability to fabricate fully dense three-dimensional structures by selectively melting micro-sized metal powder, the additive manufacturing process of laser beam melting (LBM) is considered by many to be a significant technology that is complementary to the conventional forming and subtractive manufacturing processes. However, even with its ability to fabricate structures with characteristics comparable to conventional fabrication, the LBM process often lacks the consistency and degree of repeatability essential for its industrial acceptance for certain end-product applications. Inconsistency in the characteristics of structures is often related to a combination of variations in system technology, process, and user influence. In order to understand fully the potential and limitations of the LBM process, the paper discusses the design, methodology, and results of a round robin test conducted within the Collaborative Working Group (CWG) lasers in production at the International Academy of Production Engineering (CIRP). Observed mechanical characteristics for samples from each of the participants are presented. The experiments are designed to obtain data related to mechanical characteristics for different build orientations and processing conditions in addition to the inherent system technology variations. The paper further discusses the observed process phenomena and their association with the induced mechanical characteristics. OPSOMMINGDie additiewe laserstraal smeltproses word deur kenners as ŉ noemenswaardige tegnologie wat bydra tot die konvensionele vorming-en masjineringvervaardigingsprosesse geag, omdat dit oor die vermoë beskik om digte, driedimensionele strukture te vervaardig. Selfs met dié vermoë om strukture met eienskappe soortgelyk aan die konvensioneel vervaardigde strukture, ly die laserstraal smeltproses dikwels aan ŉ tekort aan konsekwentheid en herhaalbaarheid wat krities is tot die industriële aanvaarding daarvan. Die veranderlikheid in die eienskappe van strukture is dikwels verwant aan ŉ kombinasie van variasies in die sisteem tegnologie, proses-en gebruikerinvloed. Hierdie navorsing bespreek ŉ rondomtalie toets wat op verskeie laserstraal smelters, wat by die Internasionale Akademie van Produksieingenieurs (CIRP) in gebruik is, uitgevoer is. Die toetse se mikpunt was om die potensiaal en beperkinge geassosieer met die laserstraal smeltproses beter te verstaan. Die waargeneemde meganiese eienskappe van monsters van elkeen van die monsters word voorgehou. Die eksperimente is ontwerp om data, wat verwant is aan die meganiese eienskappe wanneer verskeie veranderlikes tydens die vervaardigingsproses teenwoordig is, te verkry. Die waargeneemde prosesverskynsels en hul assosiasies met die geïnduseerde meganiese eienskappe, word dan bespreek.

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The study of the laser parameters and environment variables effect on mechanical properties of high compact parts elaborated by selective laser melting 316L powder

Cited by 324 publications

References 19 publications

In-Built Customised Mechanical Failure of 316L Components Fabricated Using Selective Laser Melting

In-Built Customised Mechanical Failure of 316L Components Fabricated Using Selective Laser Melting

Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 : Microstructures and Mechanical Properties

A Round Robin Study for Laser Beam Melting in Metal Powder Bed

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