The study of preconcentration and separation of vanadium(V) using microcrystalline triphenylmethane loaded with crystal violet and the determination of vanadium(V) in water samples by spectrophotometry

Development of a high sensitivity photometric procedure for the determination of vanadium in mineral and fresh waters employing a downsized multicommuted flow analysis approach

“…Vanadium poisoning could cause nervous depression, anemia, vomiting, and so on. 7,8,16,17 Vanadium in aqueous media may occur in the oxidation states from (II) to (V), but the forms V(IV) and V(V) are the most stable. The form V(V) is considered more toxic than V(IV), 2,10,12,18 thereby vanadium has both benecial and toxic characteristics, while a close relationship is maintained between the essential concentration and levels of toxicity.…”

“…In this sense, development of analytical procedures for its determination has attracted much interest. Procedures for vanadium determination have been implemented in several types of samples, employing detection techniques such as uorimetry, 14 spectrophotometry, 2,7,10,12,[17][18][19] atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization, 20,21 and optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. 22,23 Spectrophotometry is a detection technique widely employed for vanadium determination and to improve sensitivity, analytical procedures have been implemented employing preconcentration steps including solvent extraction, 5,10 solid phase extraction 7,12 and solid phase spectrophotometry.…”

“…22,23 Spectrophotometry is a detection technique widely employed for vanadium determination and to improve sensitivity, analytical procedures have been implemented employing preconcentration steps including solvent extraction, 5,10 solid phase extraction 7,12 and solid phase spectrophotometry. 16 Analytical procedures carried out manually are very time consuming and produce large volumes of waste 2,5,[7][8][9]12,17,18 and as a result, additional work is required to dispose the waste appropriately in order to minimize the impairment of the environmental sustainability. Analytical procedures for vanadium determination have also been implemented employing the ow injection analysis (FIA) process, thus allowing throughput improvement.…”

The importance of lumbar dynamometric examination in patients with low-back pain

“…The spectrophotometric method, a relatively inexpensive and easily handled technique, has been used for determination of vanadium, 11−14 but in many cases where the level of vanadium in the natural sample is very low or the matrices are complex, a separation/enrichment step is necessary to improve the precision and detection limit of the method. Different methods, such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), 11,15 solid phase extraction (SPE), 13,16,17 coprecipitation, 18 cloud point extraction (CPE), 9,19 and microextraction, 5,8,9,14 have been used for the separation and preconcentration of vanadium from different matrices. Liquid phase microextraction (LPME) has emerged as a new and attractive alternative for sample preparation.…”

Determination of trace vanadium(V) by adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry on an acetylene black paste electrode in the presence of alizarin violet

“…These include spectrophotometry [2], spectrofluorimetry [3], neutron-activation analysis (NAA) [4], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [5], inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) [6], inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) [7], electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) [8] and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) [9]. The spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods suffer from low sensitivity values, the NAA method was time-consuming, and routine analysis of numerous samples was laborious.…”