The study of neural antibodies in neurology: A practical summary

Fernández-Fournier, Mireya; Lacruz, Laura; Nozal, Pilar; Chico, Juan Luis; Barranco, A.; Otero-Ortega, Laura; Corral, Íñigo; Carrasco, Ángela

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1043723

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…In conclusion, given the accelerated discovery of novel characteristic autoantibodies, in the near future, it would be expected to see an increase in the number of clinical TPE applications in the field [179,180]. Altered plasma levels of the reviewed molecular compounds in response to TPE treatment of acute MS attacks reflect a successful reduction of the pro-inflammatory burden at the expense of an increase in anti-inflammatory potential in the circulatory and CNS compartments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and Multiple Sclerosis Dysregulations: Focus on the Removal of Pathogenic Circulatory Factors and Altering Nerve Growth Factor and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Plasma Levels

Tonev,

Momchilova

2023

CIMB

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is predominantly an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS) of unknown etiology with a possible genetic predisposition and effect of certain environmental factors. It is generally accepted that the disease begins with an autoimmune inflammatory reaction targeting oligodendrocytes followed by a rapid depletion of their regenerative capacity with subsequent permanent neurodegenerative changes and disability. Recent research highlights the central role of B lymphocytes and the corresponding IgG and IgM autoantibodies in newly forming MS lesions. Thus, their removal along with the modulation of certain bioactive molecules to improve neuroprotection using therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) becomes of utmost importance. Recently, it has been proposed to determine the levels and precise effects of both beneficial and harmful components in the serum of MS patients undergoing TPE to serve as markers for appropriate TPE protocols. In this review we discuss some relevant examples, focusing on the removal of pathogenic circulating factors and altering the plasma levels of nerve growth factor and sphingosine-1-phosphate by TPE. Altered plasma levels of the reviewed molecular compounds in response to TPE reflect a successful reduction of the pro-inflammatory burden at the expense of an increase in anti-inflammatory potential in the circulatory and CNS compartments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and Multiple Sclerosis Dysregulations: Focus on the Removal of Pathogenic Circulatory Factors and Altering Nerve Growth Factor and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Plasma Levels

Tonev,

Momchilova

2023

CIMB

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Autoimmune encephalitis: psychiatric aspects

Khannanova,

Brylev,

Prusova

et al. 2024

Z. nevrol. psikhiatr. im. S.S. Korsakova

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Canine idiopathic generalized tremor syndrome, immune-mediated?

Kajin,

Meyerhoff,

Meller

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Idiopathic generalized tremor syndrome is a disorder characterized by an acute onset of full-body tremors, sometimes accompanied by vestibulo-cerebellar signs, that is responsive to treatment with corticosteroids. Although considered to have an overall good outcome, relapsing and persistent mild clinical signs have been described. So far, little is known about the etiopathology of this syndrome, but it is believed to have an immune-mediated origin. In human medicine, description of numerous autoantibodies involved in certain non-infectious neurologic disorders has revolutionized understanding of their pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. In this multicenter retrospective study, we aimed to describe the clinical signs, course, and outcome of dogs with idiopathic generalized tremor syndrome and correlate potential findings with the presence or absence of autoantibodies associated with autoimmune cerebellar syndromes in humans. Information regarding signalment, history, clinical signs, laboratory findings, diagnostic imaging and testing for regional infectious diseases was gathered and the remaining serum and CSF samples were then analyzed for neural antibodies against targets associated with autoimmune encephalitic diseases of humans. Thirty-three dogs were included, and screening for neural antibodies was performed in 30 of those dogs. The analysis showed an increased titer of mGluR1 antibodies in two dogs, GFAP and later in the course of disease mGluR1 antibodies in one dog and an increase in unspecific autoantibodies which could not be further classified in two dogs. Dogs with detectable neural autoantibodies always had cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities in the form of a pleocytosis, with or without increased protein concentration, and tended to present with hyperthermia, potentially indicating a more severe clinical form of idiopathic generalized tremor syndrome in these cases. In conclusion, idiopathic generalized tremor syndrome is proposed to be an immune-mediated disorder potentially mediated by neural autoantibodies in a subgroup of dogs.

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The study of neural antibodies in neurology: A practical summary

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and Multiple Sclerosis Dysregulations: Focus on the Removal of Pathogenic Circulatory Factors and Altering Nerve Growth Factor and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Plasma Levels

Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and Multiple Sclerosis Dysregulations: Focus on the Removal of Pathogenic Circulatory Factors and Altering Nerve Growth Factor and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Plasma Levels

Autoimmune encephalitis: psychiatric aspects

Canine idiopathic generalized tremor syndrome, immune-mediated?

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