The study of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 5-V cathodes for Li-ion batteries

In Situ Formation of a Cathode–Electrolyte Interface with Enhanced Stability by Titanium Substitution for High Voltage Spinel Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…The oxygen defi ciency at the surface of the cycled LNMO is caused by parasitic reactions at the LNMO/electrolyte interface, including electrolyte oxidation and transition metal dissolution where surface oxygen can be consumed to produce H 2 O, Li x PO y F z , EtOH, Et 2 O, and CO 2 . [ 9,36 ] A TEM image of a single particle from the cycled LNMTO cathode is shown in Figure 10 . It was found that the surface of the LNMTO spinel particle showed around 5-10 nm thick conformal layer of secondary phases.…”

Crystallographic origin of cycle decay of the high-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinel lithium-ion battery electrode

“…In the USA for example, only ~ 2% of the total energy use comes from personal electronics and ~ 67% from transportation and the grid, prompting the development of higher battery performance. 2 The performance characteristics required for such applications include long cycle life and high power/energy density, with widely-studied LIB electrode materials that lead to these performance characteristics including lithium-rich Ni-Mn-Co (NMC) type layered oxides containing a Li 2 MnO 3 superstructure phase 3 , mixed manganese-based spinels 4,5 , as well as Ni-and Co-based poly-anion materials 6 . In seeking improved performance characteristics such as a high insertion working voltage (~ 4.7 V vs. Li), high rate capability and energy density, other factors are also important and considered, including cost, safety, and environmental friendliness.…”

“…4,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The main challenges in this research are the stability of conventional organic carbonate-based electrolytes (< 4.3 V vs. Li) [19][20][21][22][23][24] at the required high voltage and the electrochemical two-phase behavior of the electrode. 9,10,25 The high voltage deterioration of the electrolyte induces the formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer with low lithium conductivity at the electrode surface that hinders rate capability 5,26 as well as causing the formation of HF, which corrodes the electrode and accelerates the dissolution of Mn into the electrolyte via disproportionation reactions. 24 These phenomena lead to poor cycling performance.…”

Dimethoxydiphenylsilane (DDS) as an Electrolyte Additive for High Voltage Li-ion Batteries

“…LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (4.9 V vs. Li/Li + ) is one of the most promising cathode materials due to its low cost, abundance and excellent high rate performance. [4][5][6] However, charging LiNi 0.5 -Mn 1.5 O 4 cathode to high voltages (above 4.5 V vs. Li/Li + ) is always accompanied by significant decomposition of the electrolyte, forming a highly resistive surface film on the cathode, which results in relatively sluggish kinetics of the electrode, and thus leads to the capacity fading in the following cycles. [2][3][4][5][6] Many efforts have been proposed to inhibit the detrimental reactions on the high-voltage cathode materials, including surface modification of LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 with metal compounds such as ZnO, AlF 3 , ZrO 2 , ZrP 2 O 7 , SiO 2 , BiOF.…”

“…[4][5][6] However, charging LiNi 0.5 -Mn 1.5 O 4 cathode to high voltages (above 4.5 V vs. Li/Li + ) is always accompanied by significant decomposition of the electrolyte, forming a highly resistive surface film on the cathode, which results in relatively sluggish kinetics of the electrode, and thus leads to the capacity fading in the following cycles. [2][3][4][5][6] Many efforts have been proposed to inhibit the detrimental reactions on the high-voltage cathode materials, including surface modification of LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 with metal compounds such as ZnO, AlF 3 , ZrO 2 , ZrP 2 O 7 , SiO 2 , BiOF. [6][7][8][9][10] The surface modification method improves the cyclic stability but sacrifices the discharge capacity of the high-voltage materials, and these inorganic compounds tend to act as an inert layer to ionic conduction.…”