The study of interactions and removal efficiency of Escherichia coli in raw blackwater treated by microalgae Chlorella vulgaris

Self Cite

In this study, we examined a Chlorella vulgaris-based system as a potential solution to change liquid waste, such as blackwater, into valuable products for agriculture while protecting waters from pollution without technical demanding pre-treatment. To evaluate the possibility of nutrient removal and biomass production from raw blackwater, four blackwater dilutions were tested at lab-scale: 50%, 30%, 20%, and 10%. The results showed that even the less diluted raw blackwater was a suitable growth medium for microalgae C. vulgaris. As expected, the optimum conditions were observed in 10% blackwater with the highest growth rate (0.265 d−1) and a nutrient removal efficiency of 99.6% for ammonium and 33.7% for phosphate. However, the highest biomass productivity (5.581 mg chlorophyll-a L−1 d−1) and total biomass (332.82 mg dry weight L−1) were achieved in 50% blackwater together with the highest chemical oxygen demand removal (81%) as a result of the highest nutrient content and thus prolonged growth phase. The results suggested that the dilution factor of 0.5 followed by microalgae cultivation with a hydraulic retention time of 14 days could offer the highest biomass production for the potential use in agriculture and, in parallel, a way to treat raw blackwater from source-separation sanitation systems.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Microalgae Growth and Biomass Productivity On Blackwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment and Re-Use of Raw Blackwater by Chlorella vulgaris-Based System

Bifarini

Žitnik

Bulc

et al. 2020

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“…Photobioreactors (PBRs) for nutrient recovery from wastewater are autotrophic wastewater treatment systems housing organisms such as microalgae, which tolerate high loads of wastewater, enable pathogen inhibition, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture, and oxygenation, as well as valuable biomass production [51,52]. Mainly two types of PBRs can be utilized as NBS units: open raceway ponds or closed panel systems (tubular/flat).…”

Section: Photobioreactors Working Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quality of the listed influents depends on the requirements of national legislations. Under optimal operational conditions, the main outputs are treated municipal wastewater, grey/blackwater, urine, treated digestate, and efficiently harvested algae or algae-bacteria biomass, which can be used as an organic fertilizer in agriculture, biofuels, biopolymers, animal feed, bio-stimulants, and substances such as pigments for cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries [52]. Algae biomass contains micro-and macronutrients, especially N, P, and K, and might be considered as an organic slow-release fertilizer [63].…”

Section: In-and Outputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature-Based Units as Building Blocks for Resource Recovery Systems in Cities

Hullebusch

Bani

Carvalho³

et al. 2021

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Cities are producers of high quantities of secondary liquid and solid streams that are still poorly utilized within urban systems. In order to tackle this issue, there has been an ever-growing push for more efficient resource management and waste prevention in urban areas, following the concept of a circular economy. This review paper provides a characterization of urban solid and liquid resource flows (including water, nutrients, metals, potential energy, and organics), which pass through selected nature-based solutions (NBS) and supporting units (SU), expanding on that characterization through the study of existing cases. In particular, this paper presents the currently implemented NBS units for resource recovery, the applicable solid and liquid urban waste streams and the SU dedicated to increasing the quality and minimizing hazards of specific streams at the source level (e.g., concentrated fertilizers, disinfected recovered products). The recovery efficiency of systems, where NBS and SU are combined, operated at a micro- or meso-scale and applied at technology readiness levels higher than 5, is reviewed. The importance of collection and transport infrastructure, treatment and recovery technology, and (urban) agricultural or urban green reuse on the quantity and quality of input and output materials are discussed, also regarding the current main circularity and application challenges.

“…Microalgae growth depends on pH, temperature, intensity and duration of illumination, and mineral nutrients' concentration [19]. Chlorella vulgaris grows better at a temperature between 22 and 30 • C [20]; a temperature higher than 30 • C leads to slow growth and cell death [21]. The pH is essential for optimal growth, and optimum pH is neutral, but microalgae can survive at pH 3.0 [22,23].…”

Section: Chlorella Vulgaris Maintenance Medium and Culturing Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic Toxicity of Photocatalyst Nanoparticles to Green Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris

Adochite

Andronic

2020

In the last years, nanoparticles such as TiO2, ZnO, NiO, CuO and Fe2O3 were mainly used in wastewater applications. In addition to the positive aspects concerning using nanoparticles in the advanced oxidation process of wastewater containing pollutants, the impact of these nanoparticles on the environment must also be investigated. The toxicity of nanoparticles is generally investigated by the nanomaterials’ effect on green algae, especially on Chlorella vulgaris. In this review, several aspects are reviewed: the Chlorella vulgaris culture monitoring and growth parameters, the effect of different nanoparticles on Chlorella vulgaris, the toxicity of photocatalyst nanoparticles, and the mechanism of photocatalyst during oxidative stress on the photosynthetic mechanism of Chlorella vulgaris. The Bold basal medium (BBM) is generally recognized as an excellent standard cultivation medium for Chlorella vulgaris in the known environmental conditions such as temperature in the range 20–30 °C and light intensity of around 150 μE·m2·s−1 under a 16/8 h light/dark cycle. The nanoparticles synthesis methods influence the particle size, morphology, density, surface area to generate growth inhibition and further algal deaths at the nanoparticle-dependent concentration. Moreover, the results revealed that nanoparticles caused a more potent inhibitory effect on microalgal growth and severely disrupted algal cells’ membranes.