The Study of Evaluation of Drug Use by Using WHO’S Prescribing, Patient Care and Health Facility Indicators in Selected Health Facilities in Province Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

Rational drug use study is important for the patient care, and also act as a measure of the quality of care which is provided to patients, this study was conductedin the outdoor departments of 20 selected health facilities out of total 36 facilities of province Punjab, Pakistan by applying the core indicators of WHO.Average number of drug prescribed was 3.2 per prescription, percentage of generic drugs was 29.7%, percentage of antibiotic prescribed, injection prescribed, and percentage of drugs from NEDL were 64%, 0%, 96.5% respectively while ciprofloxacin was the most commonly used antibiotic. Average consultation time was 2.58 minutes; average dispensing time 88.5 seconds, percentage of drug actually dispensed was 82.9%, percentage of drug adequately labeled 96.9%, percentage knowledge of correct dosage 24%. Availability of NEDL or formulary was 90%,percentage of availability of key drugs in stock was 64.3%.Overall condition of rational use of medicines was not satisfactory in hospitals; this study will promote the rational use of medicines and good clinical pharmacy practice in hospitals of province Punjab, Pakistan by identifying the problems in rational use of drugs.

Assessment of antibiotics use and associated problems at Jimma Health Center, South West Ethiopia

“…This study showed that injections were prescribed in 8.9% encounters which were within the limit set by WHO (<15%). It was also less than previous study conducted in JHC (9.9%) and it was encouraging (Angamo et al, 2011). It was much lower than studies conducted in Gondar, Dessie, Hawasa and Wolayita which were reported as 28.7, 37.5, 38.1 and 50%, respectively (Yimenu et al, 2019).…”

“…It was slightly lower than WHO (100%) standard. But greater than previous study conducted in JHC (75.61%) (Angamo et al, 2011). This shows an improvement and it was encouraging.…”

“…This study showed mean consultation and dispensing time 5.1 and 1.3 min, respectively. Previous study conducted at JHC reported 6.39 and 1.25 min for consultation and dispensing times, respectively (Angamo et al, 2011). The values were below the standard set by WHO which were more than 10 min for consultation and more than 5 min for dispensing.…”

“…The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.2 which was higher than the standard set by WHO (<2). Previous study conducted in Jimma Health Center reported 2.24 (Angamo et al, 2011). The slight variation might be due to inclusion of other medications other than antibiotics in the previous study.…”

Rational Drug use in Pakistan: A systematic review

“…There was minimum number of patients who correctly know dosage of medicines that was because of low literacy and no attention paid during prescribing and dispensing of medicines. [11] A descriptive cross-sectional and self-administered study was conducted according to which the use of medicine without medical consultation is most common in Headache (96.52%), Minor cuts, wounds (85%) and Fever (80%). Self-medication is comparatively less with antibiotics and more with the medicines used for minor injuries.…”