The study of effect of didecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide on bacterial and viral decontamination for biosecurity in the animal farm

Abstract

Aim:The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the fourth-generation quaternary ammonium compounds, didecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB), on the efficacy of bacterial and viral decontamination against pathogens commonly found in livestock industry including Salmonella infantis (SI), Escherichia coli, and avian influenza virus (AIV).Materials and Methods:The DDAB was prepared at 500, 250, and 125 parts per million (ppm) for absent and present organic material. Meanwhile, 5% of fetal bovine serum in DDAB solution sample was used to mimic the presence of organic material contamination. 400 µl of each DDAB concentration was mixed with 100 µl of each pathogen (SI, E. coli, and AIV) and then incubated at room temperature or 4°C at various time points (5 s, 30 s, 1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, and 30 min). The activity of DDAB treatment was stopped using 500 µl of FBS. Each treatment sample was titrated on either deoxycholate hydrogen sulfide lactose agar plates or Madin-Darby canine kidney cells for bacteria and AIV, respectively. Each treatment was conducted in triplicates, and the pathogen inactivation was considered effective when the reduction factor was ≥3 log10.Results:Our current study revealed that the DDAB inactivated SI, E. coli, and AIV under the various concentrations of DDAB, organic material conditions, exposure temperature, and exposure timing. In addition, the comparison of bactericidal and virucidal efficacy indicated that bacteria were more susceptible to be inactivated by DDAB as compared to viruses. However, DDAB showed marked inactivated differences in the absence or presence of organic materials.Conclusions:The DDAB may be a potential disinfectant for inactivating bacteria and viruses, especially enveloped viruses, in livestock farms. It can be useful as a disinfectant for biosecurity enhancement on and around animal farm.

Quaternary Ammonium Salts: Insights into Synthesis and New Directions in Antibacterial Applications

“…Double chain QASs are represented by didecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), which is considered more useful in the field of antimicrobials . Jantafong et al confirmed that typical double-chain QASs, such as DDAB, can be used as a safe and harmless disinfectant on farms, which can inactivate bacteria in a very short time at a certain temperature . A study by Li et al.…”

“…47 Jantafong et al confirmed that typical double-chain QASs, such as DDAB, can be used as a safe and harmless disinfectant on farms, which can inactivate bacteria in a very short time at a certain temperature. 48 A study by Li et al showed that DDAB has good removal capacity for biofilms formed by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. 49 Here, we introduce the synthesis of some typical and new types of double-chain QASs.…”

Thermal fogging with disinfectants and antifreezes enables effective industrial disinfection in subzero cold-chain environment

“…However, its use in subzero temperatures had not been reported before. As it has higher efficiency at room temperature than at 4°C at inactivating viruses and vegetative bacteria (Jantafong et al, 2018), it is necessary to test its disinfection efficacy at subzero temperatures, which means it first has to be delivered in a form that does not freeze and is suitable for frozen food cold‐chain. Meanwhile, the disinfectant PAA, which acts as an oxidizing agent with a high redox potential to bring damage to the cell membrane structure (Mcdonnell, 1999; Zhang et al, 2017), had been reported to be used in freezer environment; however, it is often reported to be in the inconvenient form of fumigation and therefore not routinely used.…”

Thermal Fogging with Disinfectant Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Bromide Effectively Kills A Coronavirus, An Influenza Virus and Two Indicator Bacteria in Subzero Cold-Chain Environment

“…However, its use in subzero temperatures had not been reported before. As it has higher efficiency at room temperature than at 4°C at inactivating viruses and vegetative bacteria 15 , it is necessary to test its disinfection efficacy at freezing temperatures, which means it first has to be delivered in a form and dose that do not freeze and suitable for frozen food cold-chain.…”