The study of conducting polymer interaction with gaseous substances IV. The water content influence on polyaniline crystal structure and conductivity

Lubentsov, B.Z.; Timofeeva, O.N.; Saratovskikh, S. L.; Krinichnyi, V.I.; Pelekh, A.E.; Dmitrenko, V.E.; Khidekel, M. L.

doi:10.1016/0379-6779(92)90386-w

Cited by 62 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…As with many previous reports [15][16][17][26][27][28], the resistance of the blend was found to decrease as the humidity level increased. The basis of this response has been attributed to a combination of two factors: easier interchain electron hopping along water molecules between chains with increasing levels of water ingress [15][16][17], as well as a delocalisation of the dopant ions with water ingress [19], allowing for easier intra-chain electron transfers. Unfortunately, the bulk resistances of these sensors were found to be very high so that they were virtually unusable for practical applications.…”

Section: Pan/pva Blendssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…It is known that water increases the electrical conductivity of polyaniline through an increase in the interchain electron transfer [15][16][17][18] and/or by increasing the mobility of dopant ions [19]. Conductivity increases of several orders of magnitude in the presence of water have been recorded with linear and reversible responses [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Micro-humidity sensors based on a processable polyaniline blend

McGovern

Spinks

Wallace

2005

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Section: Pan/pva Blendssupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Micro-humidity sensors based on a processable polyaniline blend

McGovern

Spinks

Wallace

2005

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…The electrical conductivity for CP e-noses is increased especially for electrophobic and nucleophilic substances [15]. Both monomer structure and inter-chain behaviour change [16] due to water vapour adsorption on the sensor surface. Filters have been applied to prevent sensor surface damage due to moisture and, in case of infectious material, to prevent contamination [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological variation in headspace analysis of liquid samples using electronic nose

Knobloch

Turner

Spooner

et al. 2009

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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a b s t r a c tIn past years, numerous electronic nose (e-nose) developments have been published describing analyses of solid-, liquid-or gaseous media in microbiological-, environmental-, agricultural-or medical applications. However, little has been reported about complex methodological pitfalls that might be associated with commercially available e-nose technology. In this paper, some of these pitfalls such as temperature, the use of filters and mass flow using different sampling methods (static-and dynamic sampling) are described for two generations of conducting polymer e-noses (ST114/214, CPs, both Scensive Tech. Ltd.). A comparison with metal oxide semiconducting field effect transistor/metal oxide semiconductor (MOSFET/MOS) e-noses regarding stability across replicates and over time was made. Changes in temperature were found to give larger sensor responses, whereas the application of filters led to quantitative and qualitative changes in sensor responses due to a change in mass flow which was also affected by the sampling method. Static sampling provided more stable flows across replicates. Variation was investigated for CPs and MOSFET/MOS e-noses that gave different responses over time and across replicates. These methodological factors cause a lack of stability and reproducibility, demonstrating the pitfalls of e-nose technology and therefore limit their utility for discriminating between samples.

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“…It is known that water increases the electrical conductivity of polyaniline through an increase in the interchain electron transfer [20][21][22][23] and / or by increasing the mobility of dopant ions [24] . Conductivity increases of several orders of magnitude in the presence of water have been recorded with linear and reversible responses [23][24][25] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly processable method for the construction of miniature conducting polymer moisture sensors

McGovern

Spinks

Wallace

2005

Smart Structures, Devices, and Systems II

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A polymer blend incorporating polyaniline (PAn) was used as a sensing medium in the construction of a resistance based humidity sensor. Aniline monomer was polymerised to PAn emeraldine salt (ES) in the presence of poly (butyl acrylate-co-vinyl acetate) and the processable blend was developed by redissolving 1-2 w/w% of the resulting sensing polymer residue in dichloromethane (DCM). Some of this residue was washed in ammonia solution to de-dope the PAn to emeraldine base (EB) to act as a protective layer on the surface of the sensing polymer. This residue was then washed with distilled water until a neutral pH was realised with the waste water, dried and redissolved in DCM at 1-2 w/w% to create a processable blend barrier polymer solution. The final sensor design utilised 125µm polyester insulated platinum wire as conducting electrodes that were dip coated in the PAn ES blend solution and dried in a desiccator. A protective coating was then applied by dip coating in the EB blend solution. The sensors had an overall final thickness of less than 200µm and showed high sensitivity to humidity, low resistance, and good reversibility without hysteresis. The EB protective layer was shown to give more stable and predictable responses to the sensors when placed inside curing epoxies. Polymer based thin film humidity sensors have the advantage that the high processability of the material allows for simple fabrication of a range of geometries including smaller sensor designs. Such sensors may find uses in detecting water content in a number of areas including composite materials, electronic textiles, food/ electronics packaging and corrosion detection.

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The study of conducting polymer interaction with gaseous substances IV. The water content influence on polyaniline crystal structure and conductivity

Cited by 62 publications

References 6 publications

Micro-humidity sensors based on a processable polyaniline blend

Micro-humidity sensors based on a processable polyaniline blend

Methodological variation in headspace analysis of liquid samples using electronic nose

Highly processable method for the construction of miniature conducting polymer moisture sensors

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