Scientific revolution in genetics began with the discovery of genes and DNA, the building block of life, followed by the use of genetic engineering technologies to manipulate genes of the organism, and culminating in the establishment of the Human Genome Project to map genes and sequence human DNA. This scientific breakthrough is a boon for humanity. It opens up possibilities for human beings to be healthier and live longer. Advances in human genetic research and its applications in medical practices such as diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of genetic diseases are of great promise and bring hopes for the cure of incurable diseases which many people are afflicted with. However, the new medical treatment and technologies raise many crucial ethical, legal and social issues that society's existing morality and legal system seem unable to deal with adequately. The ongoing international discussions of these issues express the need to clarify the moral implications and human values at stake in scientific research and medicine, as well as to find solutions that reflect high human values.These emerging ethical issues are also new challenges to religion which was not prepared to cope with them. In order to meet these challenges religion has to be engaged in ethical reflection on the issues and to find solutions in accordance with its teaching, and relevant to the situation. Only recently has Buddhism been involved in such a reflection to contribute its insights, value perspectives, and concerns to international discussions of these issues. The purpose of this chapter is to present Buddhist ethical reflections on human genetic research and its implications for the future of humanity. Before dealing with these reflections, it is to be noted that Buddhism is an ally of science. It has an open attitude to scientific research and also has an ethic that is applicable to it. With such preliminary understanding one can appreciate the Buddhist position regarding ethical issues raised by scientific research. Accordingly this chapter is divided into three parts. The first part is a general observation of the relation between Buddhism and science, while the second is a short account of Buddhist ethics, followed by the section about reflections on human genome research and on the future of humanity in relation to the progress of science and technology.