The Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Adults with Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review

Hounsome, Juliet; Whittington, Richard; Brown, Andrew R.; Greenhill, Beth; McGuire, James

doi:10.1111/jar.12295

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The current study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the predictive accuracy of the Static-99R in sex offenders with ID or borderline intellectual functioning. Because offending behaviour is often seen as challenging behaviour, and therefore, not always reported or criminally sanctioned in OIDs (Hounsome et al, 2018), certainly not in a forensic institution, unofficial incidents could be a better outcome measure than official recidivism. Therefore, we used several outcome measures in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since Pouls and Jeandarme (2015) and Hounsome et al (2018) reported predictive validity studies of four risk assessment instruments (Static-99/Static-99R/Static-2002/Static-2002R [Harris et al, 2003;Phenix et al, 2008;Phenix et al, 2016a;Phenix et al, 2016b], Rapid Risk Assessment for Sex Offense Recidivism [RRASOR; Hanson, 1997], Risk Matrix 2000 [Thornton et al, 2003] and SVR-20 [Boer et al, 1997]), only one recent article (related to Static-99R and Stable-2007) has been published (Delforterie et al, 2019). Results of studies in SOIDs were at best mixed and mostly involved the Static-99 and related versions (eight studies) and the RRASOR (four studies).…”

Section: Sexual Violence Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability and validity of the Static-99R in sex offenders with intellectual disabilities

Pouls

Jeandarme

2021

JIDOB

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Purpose Risk assessment studies involving recidivism in sex offenders with intellectual disabilities (SOIDs) continue to be scarce, limited and producing mixed results. This study aims (to test the ability ...) to test the ability of one such instrument (the Static-99R) to predict intramural sexual and violent incidents involving members of this group. Design/methodology/approach The Static-99R was prospectively scored for 38 SOIDs. Occurrences of any violent or sexual incident and/or illegal sexual behaviour were recorded during a minimum period of six months. Predictive accuracy was analysed using several performance indicators. Findings The Static-99R significantly predicted sexual incidents (area under the curve = 0.70) but failed to predict violent and illegal sexual incidents. Regarding illegal sexual incidents, the instrument was better at detecting low-risk individuals than high-risk offenders. Originality/value Risk assessment studies, both in offenders with and without an intellectual disability (ID), rarely use multiple accuracy estimates. The current study used both discrimination and calibration indicators to evaluate the ability of the Static-99R to detect low- and high-risk offenders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sexual Violence Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and validity of the Static-99R in sex offenders with intellectual disabilities

Pouls

Jeandarme

2021

JIDOB

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“…Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used to support people with ID/DD in their education in terms of using games (de Castro et al , 2014), improving their risk assessment tools (Hounsome et al , 2018) and providing an engaging and enjoyable educational experience (Ricks and Colton, 2010). However, the results of this research analysis reveal these efforts have been on the same page but in different books.…”

Section: Discussion and Proposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying gaps in using artificial intelligence to support students with intellectual disabilities from education and health perspectives

Kharbat

AlShawabkeh

Woolsey

2020

AJIM

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PurposeStudents with developmental/intellectual disabilities (ID/DD) often have serious health issues that require additional medical care and supervision. Serious health issues also mean increased absence and additional lags in academic achievement and development of adaptive and social skills. The incorporation of artificial intelligence in the education of a child with ID/DD could ameliorate the educational, adaptive and social skill gaps that occur as a direct result of persistent health problems.Design/methodology/approachThe literature regarding the use of artificial intelligence in education for students with ID/DD was collected systematically from international online databases based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The collected articles were analyzed deductively, looking for the different gaps in the domain. Based on the literature, an artificial intelligence–based architecture is proposed and sketched.FindingsThe findings show that there are many gaps in supporting students with ID/DD through the utilization of artificial intelligence. Given that the majority of students with ID/DD often have serious and chronic and comorbid health conditions, the potential use of health information in artificial intelligence is even more critical. Therefore, there is a clear need to develop a system that facilitates communication and access to health information for students with ID/DD, one that provides information to caregivers and education providers, limits errors, and, therefore, improves these individuals' education and quality of life.Practical implicationsThis review highlights the gap in the current literature regarding using artificial intelligence in supporting the education of students with ID/DD. There is an urgent need for an intelligent system in collaboration with the updated health information to improve the quality of services submitted for people with intellectual disabilities and as a result improving their quality of life.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by highlighting the gaps in incorporating artificial intelligence and its service to individuals with ID/DD. The research additionally proposes a solution based on the confounding variables of students’ health and individual characteristics. This solution will provide an automated information flow as a functional diagnostic and intervention tool for teachers, caregivers and parents. It could potentially improve the educational and practical outcomes for individuals with ID/DD and, ultimately, their quality of life.

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“…The extensive research on risk factors associated with criminality in people with and without IDD is the basis for the development of formal risk assessment tools. Hounsome et al (2018) reviewed the available instruments that assess risk for violence in people with ID. They identified 14 studies that assessed the validity of 18 risk assessment tools and found that all of them effectively predicted violent 317 behavior in adults with ID.…”

Section: Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intellectual and developmental disabilities and the criminal justice system.

Olley¹,

Cox²

2021

APA Handbook of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Clinical and Educational Implications: Prevention, Intervention, A

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witnesses, suspects, defendants, and incarcerated individuals. This chapter reviews the published clinical and research literature on people with IDD in each of these roles, beginning with a historical perspective. HISTORY OF ID AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMThe characteristics associated with ID have almost certainly been recognized since the beginning of civilization (Berkson, 2004) and formally recognized as a condition since at least the era of ancient imperial Rome (Berkson, 2006). Many terms have been used to identify the condition, most of them offensive to the modern ear. This chapter uses the terms that were common in the historical period under review (e.g., "idiot"). The manner in which societies have treated children and adults with ID has varied. As Berkson (2004) noted, they have been "adulated, cared for, ignored, or rejected " (p. 196).The contemporary literature focuses extensively on the problem of people with ID as victims of crime, but the available historical writing is concerned primarily with people with ID as criminals. Wickham (2013) pointed out that English common law originating in the mid-1100s granted individuals with mental disability less culpability in criminal matters.

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The Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Adults with Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review

Abstract: There is good quality evidence that risk assessment tools are valid for people with intellectual disability who offend but further research is required to validate tools for use with people with intellectual disability who offend.

Cited by 22 publications

References 41 publications

Reliability and validity of the Static-99R in sex offenders with intellectual disabilities

Reliability and validity of the Static-99R in sex offenders with intellectual disabilities

Identifying gaps in using artificial intelligence to support students with intellectual disabilities from education and health perspectives

Intellectual and developmental disabilities and the criminal justice system.

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