The structure of turbulence in pulsatile pipe flows

An experimental study of transitional pulsatile pipe flow

“…The occurrence of phasedependent turbulence is often claimed to be due to the stabilizing effect of accelerating flow, whereas the decelerating flow leads to transition more readily. Ramaprian and Tu 20 found that the turbulence intensity can experience large phase shifts for different frequencies, whereas Iguchi et al 21 suggests that there is no phase difference between the turbulence intensity and the mean velocity. Furthermore, Eckmann and Grotberg 22 found that turbulence can occur in confined regions near the walls, while the core remains laminar.…”