The structure of the flavomononucleotide dimer

Resonance energy transfer between FMN molecules in the presence of dimers: A review

“…Muralidhara and WittungStafshede [39] found for the first time parallel plane FMN dimers in flavodoxin from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans expressed in Escherichia coli in which FMN is a co-factor. They confirmed the structure of stacking FMN dimers obtained by Grajek et al [35] on the basis of calorimetric studies of isothermic titration, NMR as well as absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. In the paper [40] Muralidhara et al showed the conditions under which FMN binds to apoflavodoxin as a dimer or as a monomer.…”

“…Recently Staudt et al [34] showed that riboflavin forms antiparallel stacked dimers in archeal dodecin in which the distance between the two isoalloxazine moieties is 3.5 Å. Exactly the same distance between the monomer units in flavin dimers was obtained by Grajek et al in solutions (3.5 ± 0.3 Å in water [35] and 3.2 ± 0.3 Å in PVA [36,37]). The x-ray structures of bacterial dodecin from Thermus thermophilus revealed the binding of FMN staking dimers in a novel si-si-orientation [38].…”

“…The absorption spectra of dimers ( Fig. 2) possess a characteristic shoulder at about 480 nm [35,37,64].…”

“…For the first time typical studies of the FMN dimerization process were carried out for FMN in water and in a glycerol-water solution in 1984 [64,35]. In these works the effect of dimerization on the absorption spectrum of flavins was studied.…”

Association of riboflavin, caffeine, and sodium salicylate in aqueous solution

“…Like many aromatic dyes and antibiotics, flavin mononucleotide molecules form stacked associates as a result of vertical interaction between chromophores (stacking) [41][42][43][44]. Based on the spectrophotometric studies and exciton theory, in [45] the structure parameters of the flavin mononucleotide dimer in aqueous solution were established and a sandwich (plane-parallel) dimer model was proposed. The equilibrium constants for the formation of RFN-NAS and RFN-caffeine heterocomplexes in the presence of urea in solution are K = 17 ± 3 M -1 and K = 53 ± 7 M -1 respectively, i.e., the stability of the complexes decreases.…”