The structure of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ): Evidence from a student sample in Scotland

Stewart, Mary E.; Austin, Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.03.004

Cited by 119 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For the AQ, such gender differences are expected, based on the sex ratio in diagnosing ASD (Baron-Cohen et al, 2001). The gender difference in the total AQ score was consistent with the result of previous studies (Austin, 2005;Baron-Cohen et al, 2001;Hoekstra et al, 2008;Horder et al, 2014;Robertson & Simmons, 2013;Stewart & Austin, 2009;. For the GSQ, this study is the first to report gender differences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Psychometric Properties and Overlap of the GSQ and AQ among Japanese University Students

Ujie

Wakabayashi²

2015

IJPS

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Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have sensory processing problems, and this has recently been included as a core symptom of ASD in DSM-5. The Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire (GSQ), which is based on a dimensional model of ASD, measures the experience of sensory difficulties in daily life. However, the psychometric properties of the GSQ have not been studied in the general population. In this study, we investigated the psychometric properties of the GSQ, including reliability, score distribution, item analysis, gender differences, and the correlation between the Autism Quotient (AQ) and GSQ in a sample of 417 (206 males and 211 females) university students. We also examined the overlap between the AQ and GSQ using a joint factor analysis. The results revealed that the Japanese version of the GSQ has relatively poor psychometric properties compared to the AQ. Gender differences were found in both scales. Individuals with high AQ scores reported experiencing abnormal sensory events more frequently than those with low AQ scores. The overlap between the scales was small; therefore, it might be possible to investigate abnormal sensory processing independently of other symptoms of ASD in the general population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Psychometric Properties and Overlap of the GSQ and AQ among Japanese University Students

Ujie

Wakabayashi²

2015

IJPS

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“…Previous studies have also indicated that internal consistency of the attention to detail subscale was around .60 (Baron-Cohen et al 2001;Wakabayashi et al 2004;Hoekstra et al 2008), although test-retest reliability of this subscale over 1-6 months was within the acceptable range (r = .71; Hoekstra et al 2008). Many previous studies that conducted exploratory or confirmatory factor analyses have extracted a factor corresponding to attention to detail (Austin 2005;Hurst et al 2007;Stewart and Austin 2009;Kloosterman et al 2011; except for Lau et al 2013), indicating that attention to detail is an important dimension of autistic traits. It is suggested that future studies should reconstruct the item composition of this subscale and improve its internal consistency to examine whether the attention to detail component of autistic traits is really related to rumination and depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

How Autistic Traits, Inattention and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Symptoms Influence Depression in Nonclinical Undergraduate Students? Mediating Role of Depressive Rumination

Horibe

Hasegawa

2018

Curr Psychol

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A few studies have indicated that adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are more inclined to ruminate than adults in the general population. The present study examined whether subclinical ASD symptoms including difficulties in social interaction and attention to detail and ADHD symptoms that were composed of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity were related to depressive rumination in undergraduate students. This study also examined whether rumination is a mediating factor in the relationship of ASD and ADHD symptoms with depression. Nonclinical undergraduate students (N = 294) in Japan completed the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, interpersonal conflict subscale of the Interpersonal Stress Event Scale, Ruminative Responses Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition. Structural equation modeling indicated that hyperactivity-impulsivity was positively associated with rumination both directly and indirectly via interpersonal conflict, and that attention to detail and inattention were directly and positively related to rumination. The significant relationship between difficulties in social interaction and rumination disappeared after controlling for the influence of depression. These findings indicated that one pathway through which hyperactivityimpulsivity symptoms prolong rumination might be through the increase in interpersonal conflict. In addition, it is possible that cognitive inflexibility, academic difficulties, and adverse driving outcomes caused by attention to detail, inattention as well as hyperactivity-impulsivity may lead to rumination. Moreover, attention to detail, inattention, and hyperactivity-impulsivity indirectly increased depression via rumination, indicating that rumination is an important mediator in the relationship of subclinical ASD and ADHD symptoms with depression.

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“…While the psychometric properties of the overall scores produced by the AQ have consistently been shown to be reasonably good (Baron-Cohen et al, 2001;Hoekstra, Bartels, Cath, & Boomsma, 2008;Kurita and Koyoma, 2006;Wakabayahi, Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, and Tojo, 2006), a number of studies have raised concerns regarding the internal consistencies of the five domains detailed in the initial model by Baron-Cohen et al Based on the results of subsequent factor analyses, it has been suggested that, alternatively, the AQ could be more accurately defined by a four- (Stewart & Austin, 2009), three- (Hurst, Mitchell, Kimbrel, Kwapil, & Nelson-Gray, 2007), or two-domain model (Hoekstra et al, 2008). This study utilized the Hoekstra et al (2008) two-domain model comprised of the original 'Attention to Details' factor, and a higher-order factor of 'Social Interaction', which encompasses the Social Skills, Communication, Attention Switching, and Imagination domains from the original Baron-Cohen et al (2001) model.…”

Section: Asd Phenotype Expression: Autism-spectrum Quotient (Aq;mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the impact of social problem-solving deficits on depressive vulnerability in the broader autism phenotype

Jackson

Dritschel

2016

Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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The social communication and interaction deficits associated with the autism phenotype can have serious emotional consequences for individuals on the autism spectrum. This can be particularly true during young-adulthood, a period of increased social demands and expectations. The current study investigated the specific role of social problem-solving deficits as a mediator in the relationship between autism phenotype severity and depressive symptomology in young-adults.A sample of 230 university students (48% male) ranging in age from [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] SD=2.48) were assessed on autism phenotype expression (Autism-Spectrum Quotient), social problemsolving ability (Social Problem-Solving Inventory, Revised) and depressive symptomology (Beck's Depression Inventory). Results indicated that deficient social problem-solving skills account for a significant portion of the depressive symptomology associated with increased autism phenotype expression. Path model analysis output suggested that increased expression of the social components of the autism phenotype are associated with both ineffective social problem-solving styles and attitudes, while increased detail orientation discourages the use of an impulsive problem-solving style. The findings of this investigation provide preliminary evidence suggesting that programs designed to improve social problem-solving skills could be beneficial in the reduction of depressive vulnerability for young-adults on the autism spectrum.

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The structure of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ): Evidence from a student sample in Scotland

Cited by 119 publications

References 21 publications

Psychometric Properties and Overlap of the GSQ and AQ among Japanese University Students

Psychometric Properties and Overlap of the GSQ and AQ among Japanese University Students

How Autistic Traits, Inattention and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Symptoms Influence Depression in Nonclinical Undergraduate Students? Mediating Role of Depressive Rumination

Modeling the impact of social problem-solving deficits on depressive vulnerability in the broader autism phenotype

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