The Structure of Relativistic MHD Jets

Appl, S.; Camenzind, M.

doi:10.1017/s0074180900175436

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The observations are therefore consistent with the jets oriented perpendicularly to the disk, as in the usual configuration of jets from accretion disks (e.g. see Shu et al 1988, Appl & Camenzind 1992, Ostriker & Shu 1995.…”

Section: The "Standard" Cbss Cal 83 and 87supporting

confidence: 83%

Luminous Supersoft X-Ray Sources

Kahabka

Heuvel

1997

Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.

327

262

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Luminous supersoft X-ray sources were discovered with the Einstein observatory and have been established as an important new class of X-ray binaries on the basis of observations with the Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT). They have extremely soft spectra (equivalent blackbody temperatures of ∼15-80 eV) and are highly luminous (bolometric luminosities of 10 36 -10 38 erg s −1 ). Correcting for the heavy extinction of soft X rays by interstellar neutral hydrogen, their numbers in the disks of ordinary spiral galaxies like our own and M31 are estimated to be of the order of 10 3 . Their observed characteristics are consistent with those of white dwarfs, which are steadily or cyclically burning hydrogen-rich matter accreted onto the surface at a rate of order 10 −7 M year −1 . The required high accretion rates can be supplied by mass transfer on a thermal time scale (10 6 -10 7 years) from close companion stars that are more massive than the white dwarf accretor, typically 1.3-2.5 M . Steady burning can also occur in a post-nova stage, but for shorter time scales, and it has been observed in a few classical novae and symbiotic novae. A few supersoft sources have been found to be recurrent transients. They are possibly connected with very massive white dwarfs accreting at high rates. Luminous supersoft sources may make a considerable contribution to the Type Ia supernova rate in spiral and irregular galaxies.

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Section: The "Standard" Cbss Cal 83 and 87supporting

confidence: 83%

Luminous Supersoft X-Ray Sources

Kahabka

Heuvel

1997

Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.

327

262

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“…The fact that pointlike perturbations in stationary plasmas will give group diagrams that can be very demanding on spatial resolution ͑due to the wave aberration effects combined with MHD wave anisotropy͒, is yet again a clear indication that RMHD codes will need some form of grid-adaptivity, to handle complex three-dimensional RMHD astrophysical problems. The linear wave properties discussed here are also relevant to better appreciate the knowledge of discontinuous ͑shock͒ wave solutions allowed by the RMHD equations, 2,3,[19][20][21][22] or the linear wave modifications encountered in fluid models for relativistic plasmas that invoke anisotropic pressure 15 or do not have sufficient collisionality to justify a RMHD viewpoint. 23,24 Finally, knowledge of the wave properties in uniform media is indispensible to appreciate the significant modifications encountered when diagnosing waves and instabilities in nonuniform, relativistic MHD equilibrium configurations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear wave propagation in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics

Keppens

Méliani

2008

Physics of Plasmas

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The properties of linear Alfvén, slow, and fast magnetoacoustic waves for uniform plasmas in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics ͑MHD͒ are discussed, augmenting the well-known expressions for their phase speeds with knowledge on the group speed. A 3 + 1 formalism is purposely adopted to make direct comparison with the Newtonian MHD limits easier and to stress the graphical representation of their anisotropic linear wave properties using the phase and group speed diagrams. By drawing these for both the fluid rest frame and for a laboratory Lorentzian frame which sees the plasma move with a three-velocity having an arbitrary orientation with respect to the magnetic field, a graphical view of the relativistic aberration effects is obtained for all three MHD wave families. Moreover, it is confirmed that the classical Huygens construction relates the phase and group speed diagram in the usual way, even for the lab frame viewpoint. Since the group speed diagrams correspond to exact solutions for initial conditions corresponding to a localized point perturbation, their formulae and geometrical construction can serve to benchmark current high-resolution algorithms for numerical relativistic MHD.

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“…The rotating field itself forms axisymmetric flux surfaces which are either collimated by the toroidal magnetic field or external pressures (Appl & Camenzind 1993b). Since the host galaxies of quasars are expected to be giant ellipticals -as demonstrated by 3C 273 -these galaxies dispose of large cores with core radii of a few hundred parsecs.…”

Section: Formation Of Relativistic Jets In Quasarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Emission of Parsec-Scale Jets in Quasars

Camenzind¹

1994

Symp. - Int. Astron. Union

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Abstract. The moving knots observed in VLBI of compact quasars are due to off-axis substructures in the parsec-scale jets which are dragged along by the underlying plasma flow. This is suggested by detailed MHD models for the structure of relativistic jets on the parsec-scale that are based on exact solutions of the nonlinear Grad-Schluter-Shafranov equation in the asymptotic domain. These jet models are characterized by a current-carrying core and a current-free envelope. The corresponding core-radius RC = UPRL is related to the poloidal jet velocity u p and the light cylinder radius RL generated by the rotation of the magnetic surfaces. The Poynting flux, which has an inhomogeneous distribution in the jet, provides an off-axis energy reservoir that could be tapped and converted into particle acceleration by non-axisymmetric instabilities in the core-jet structure. Evidence is presented that quasi-periodic synchrotron emission (in the nt-optical) and inverse Compton emission (in X-and 7-rays) from freshly accelerated electrons are due to a lighthouse effect of the rotating knots.

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The Structure of Relativistic MHD Jets

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Luminous Supersoft X-Ray Sources

Luminous Supersoft X-Ray Sources

Linear wave propagation in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics

Structure and Emission of Parsec-Scale Jets in Quasars

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