The structure of PTSD in active-duty marines across the deployment cycle.

Abstract

The temporal consistency and convergence demonstrated by our analyses underscores the validity of the 5-factor model among service members exposed to warzone stressors. In particular, the findings suggest that diagnostic criteria for PTSD may benefit from disaggregating hyperarousal symptoms in military samples.

Latent factor structure of PTSD symptoms in veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury and close-range blast exposure.

“…The relative superiority of the EN model was notable, as a recent meta-analysis of studies comparing these models found that the DA model showed superiority of fit over the two 4factor models (Armour et al, 2016). For instance, Boasso et al (2016), the only other CFA study of OIF/OEF/OND veterans using both the CAPS and PCL for DSM-IV, concluded that the disaggregation of hyperarousal symptoms into anxious arousal and dysphoric arousal may be particularly suited to a military population. The contrasting results may be related to differences between study samples.…”

“…The contrasting results may be related to differences between study samples. The Boasso et al (2016) study was restricted to veterans and active duty members of the highly selective Marine Corps, some of whom did not have a deployment at the time testing and, overall, with a lower prevalence of PTSD. The difference in our results could also reflect the greater heterogeneity in demographics and current level of functioning within our study sample suggesting other sources of factor structure variability of PTSD among veterans.…”

“…In addition, studies that demonstrated the superiority of the DA model were not published in time to influence the DSM-5 revisions. Further, there are few studies published examining PTSD factor structure in the Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation New Dawn (OIF/OEF/OND) population (e.g., Boasso et al, 2016), and longitudinal studies collecting DSM-IV PTSD data initiated before 2013 will keep the DSM-IV criteria relevant for years to come.…”

Young adult trauma symptoms in the context of community violence exposure

“…A systematic review found that this model is a better model fit as compared to other factor structure models of PTSD (Armour et al, 2016); however data on young adults exposed to community violence was limited to one study that did not test the five factor model (i.e., Schell, Marshall, & Jaycox, 2004). The five‐factor model has been tested among adolescents (Bennett, Kerig, Chaplo, McGee, & Baucom, 2014), youth (Contractor et al, 2015), young veterans (Boasso et al, 2016), college students (Elhai et al, 2012), and those exposed to terrorism (Hafstad, Dyb, Jensen, Steinberg, & Pynoos, 2014). These studies suggest the five factor model is a better model fit as compared to previously conceptualized three and four factor models.…”

Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties for the PTSD Checklist of Chinese Adolescents in the Closed Period after the COVID-19 Outbreak

“…Although previous studies have pointed out that the models based on DSM-V have certain evidence to support them, the symptom structure of these models is relatively dispersed, which may make the diagnosis of PTSD more extensive [16,18]. Therefore, it is of great significance to further investigate the structure of PTSD based on DSM-IV [16,19]. More importantly, the classification of symptom structures for PTSD in DSM-V is mainly influenced by the fourdimensional model of emotional numbness by King et al (1998) and the four-dimensional model of mental distress by Simms et al (2002) [20].…”