The structure of psychological well-being revisited.

Ryff, Carol D.; Keyes, Corey L. M.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719

Cited by 6,324 publications

(5,739 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These short-form scales had previously confirmed the proposed theoretical structure of PWB and replicated age and gender differences in a separate, nationally representative sample (see Ryff & Keyes, 1995). Consistent with this prior investigation, the reduced-item scales in this study exhibited lower to modest internal (alpha) reliabilities (see Table 2).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions.

Keyes¹,

Shmotkin²,

Ryff³

2002

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Subjective well-being (SWB) is evaluation of life in terms of satisfaction and balance between positive and negative affect; psychological well-being (PWB) entails perception of engagement with existential challenges of life. The authors hypothesized that these research streams are conceptually related but empirically distinct and that combinations of them relate differentially to sociodemographics and personality. Data are from a national sample of 3,032 Americans aged 25-74. Factor analyses confirmed the related-but-distinct status of SWB and PWB. The probability of optimal well-being (high SWB and PWB) increased as age, education, extraversion, and conscientiousness increased and as neuroticism decreased. Compared with adults with higher SWB than PWB, adults with higher PWB than SWB were younger, had more education, and showed more openness to experience.Research on well-being has flourished in recent decades (Diener, Suh, Lucas, & Smith, 1999; Kahneman, Diener, & Schwarz, 1999), with increasing recognition of the different streams of inquiry guiding this broad domain. Ryan and Deci's (2001) integrative review organized the field of well-being into two broad traditions: one dealing with happiness (hedonic well-being), and one dealing with human potential (eudaimonic well-being; Ryan & Deci, 2001; see also Waterman, 1993). In the present study, we draw and extend these distinctions, which we refer to as traditions of research on subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB). We use these terms to underscore the fact that studies of SWB have repeatedly included not only affective indicators of happiness (hedonic well-being) but also cognitive assessments of life satisfaction. In addition, some aspects of PWB (e.g., personal growth, purpose in life) but not others (e.g., positive relations with others, self-acceptance) reflect the self-fulfillment meanings of eudaimonic well-being. As described below, SWB and PWB are also the overarching phrases most frequently used in studies that constitute these traditions, both of which are fundamentally concerned with subjective accounts of well-being.Our specific empirical aims are to examine whether indicators of SWB and PWB constitute taxonomically distinct reflections of well-being in a national sample of U.S. adults. Although both approaches assess well-being, they address different features of what it means to be well: SWB involves more global evaluations of affect and life quality, whereas PWB examines perceived thriving vis-à-vis the existential challenges of life (e.g., pursuing meaningful goals, growing and developing as a person, establishing quality ties to others). We further test the hypothesis that these distinct varieties of well-being are contoured by the broad categories of sociodemographic and personality factors. Specifically, we investigate the role of location in the life course (i.e., age) and position in the socioeconomic hierarchy (e.g., educational status) as well as personality traits in accounting for different profiles of well-...

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions.

Keyes¹,

Shmotkin²,

Ryff³

2002

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Self Cite

2,228

1,365

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“…The joint work of Keyes and Ryff led to a combined definition of well-being incorporating: (1) emotional well-being (positive emotions and life satisfaction), (2) psychological well-being (consisting of Ryff's (1989) six dimensions), and (3) social well-being (consisting of Keyes’s five dimensions). This conceptualization bridged the gap between hedonic and eudaimonic models (Keyes, 2002; Ryff & Keyes, 1995). More recently, another proposal by Seligman (2011) also brought to the debate the two traditions together.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Promoting well-being through group drumming with mental health service users and their carers

Ascenso

Perkins

Atkins

et al. 2018

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well

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Purpose: Music has been linked with well-being across clinical and community settings. Yet, research has focused on assessment of single dimensions of well-being and on the typical receiver of support services. Acknowledging the burden that a caring role encompasses and integrating recent proposals for a multifaceted definition of well-being, we explore the extent to which group drumming interventions translate into multidimensional well-being change for both mental health service users and carers. Method: Thirty-nine participants engaged in one of a series of community drumming programmes were assessed via semi-structured interviews (n = 11) and focus groups (n = 28) at the end of each programme. Data were analysed using IPA. Results and Conclusion: Emotional, psychological and social dimensions of well-being emerged for both patients and carers, accounted for through six themes: (1) hedonia: positive affect and pleasant physical effects of drumming; (2) agency: initiative and sense of control; (3) accomplishment: non-specific and in relation to musical goals; (4) engagement, through focus and flow; (5) a redefinition of self, through self-awareness, construction of a positive identity, self-prospection and incorporation of a musical identity; and (6) social well-being, through connectedness and positive relationships. The potential of such interventions for clinical contexts is discussed.

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“…Study populations consisted of African American (M = 10%), Asian (M = 6%), Caucasian (M = 63%), Hispanic (M = (Ryff & Keyes, 1995) Dykens et al (2014) Self-compassion Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) (Neff, 2003) Benn et al (2012 17%), and Multi-Cultural (M = 2%) participants. Native American and (not specified) Indian racial groups were underrepresented in study samples.…”

Section: Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventions that target improvements in mental health for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders: A narrative review

Paz

Wallander

2017

Clinical Psychology Review

111

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• Narrative review of mental health interventions for parents of autistic children • Some treatments reported improvements in stress, depression, and anxiety.• Post-test produced weaker effects than follow-up assessments two months and beyond.• Small sample size, homogeneity, and self-report limited generalizability of results • Outcomes encouraging, but existing data cannot yet support definitive conclusions a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) suggest that one in 68 children is affected. With convincing evidence that parenting a child with ASD is associated with elevated distress and mental health problems, researchers have begun to investigate treatments that directly target parents' psychological well-being. We conducted a narrative review of studies that empirically tested the effects of interventions targeting improvements in the mental health of parents of children with ASD. Following a range of search strategies, a total of 13 studies, seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and six pre-post test designs, met inclusion criteria. We calculated and reported effect sizes for all RCTs. On average, treatment produced medium to large effect sizes with improvements in parenting stress and general health, and reductions in depression and anxiety. Interventions that appeared promising included: Stress Management and Relaxation Techniques, Expressive Writing, MindfulnessBased Stress Reduction, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. However, only one study conducted a followup assessment N 3 months post intervention. Study populations primarily consisted of English-speaking mothers, ages 39 to 42 years. Conclusions were limited by small sample sizes, homogeneity of sample population, and reliance on self-report. Therefore, this body of research contains significant limitations in need of improvement for this field to move forward and benefit a sizable number of parents.

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The structure of psychological well-being revisited.

Cited by 6,324 publications

References 37 publications

Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions.

Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions.

Promoting well-being through group drumming with mental health service users and their carers

Interventions that target improvements in mental health for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders: A narrative review

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