The structure of myelin figures and microemulsions as observed with the electron microscope

Current Models for the Structure of Biological Membranes

“…However, the additional reactions of osmium and heavy metal stains could easily explain the observed triple-layered structure but will have to be explored in detail . In any case, the fixation and staining of authentic bilayers of membrane lipids and lipoproteins in cases where the preservation of the lamellar structure has been demonstrated by X-ray diffraction (259,263) clearly shows that the triple-layered structure seen in micrographs is compatible with the Danielli model . For natural membranes the myelin sheath has so far offered similar evidence (80) and recent studies on isolated membrane fractions both with X-ray diffraction and with electron microscopy (86) also confirm this conclusion.…”

“…Artificial membrane-like lipoprotein structures have been demonstrated mainly by electron microscopy (256,259) . X-ray diffraction evidence is also available to show that the techniques used in the preparation for electron microscopy do preserve the lamellar structure at least within the limits of resolution of the electron micrographs (259,263) . Furthermore, highly dispersed lipoprotein preparations form closed structures of the same size and general appearance as those usually obtained when cell membranes are fragmented, i .e .…”

Electron Microscopic Observation of Inclusion Bodies in Plasma Cells of Multiple Myeloma and Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia

“…Stoeckenius (Stoeckenius 1959(Stoeckenius , 1962Stoeckenius et al 1960) proposed a hypothetical scheme of the molecular structure of the myelin figure in a series of studies, and assumed that parallel dark lines of myelin figures probably represented the reaction product of OsO4 with double bonds in the fatty acid chains. Buckley (1962) studied myelin forms with the phase microscope, and characterized the effect of mechanical and enzymatic damage on cells of various types.…”

Microemulsions: a novel approach to enhanced oil recovery: a review

“…Microemulsions are transparent and translucent homogeneous mixtures of hydrocarbons and water with large amounts of surfactants (Schulman et al 1959;Stoeckenius et al 1960). Alkanols (medium chain alcohols such as propanol, butanol, isoamyl alcohol, pentanol, hexanol, etc.)…”

“…In a Winsor-type I system, lower phase microemulsion exists with excess oil, and in case of Winsor-type II, upper phase microemulsion exists with excess brine. In general, middle-phase microemulsion (Healy et al 1976) (surfactant-rich middle phase) system is known as Winsor-type III microemulsion and has a bicontinuous structure made by an equal mixture of water-inoil and oil-in-water type of microemulsions (Schulman et al 1959;Stoeckenius et al 1960). The single-phase microemulsion region is called Winsor-type IV phase.…”