The Structure of Graphite Oxide: Investigation of Its Surface Chemical Groups

Lee, D. W.; Seo, Jiwon; Felix, Lizbet León; Cole, Jacqueline M.; Barnes, Colin

doi:10.1021/jp1002275

Cited by 355 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…12 Graphite oxides synthesized by different methods demonstrate also difference in types and relative numbers of functional groups attached to GO sheets. 10,13 Therefore, it is not surprising that the structure of graphite oxide has been a subject of intense debates and remains to be somewhat uncertain [14][15][16][17][18] . A remarkable property of GO is easy hydration/solvation by vapours or liquids, which results in expansion of interlayer distance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of graphene oxide membranes in liquid water, ethanol and water–ethanol mixtures

et al. 2014

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The structure of graphene oxide membranes in liquid water, ethanol and water -ethanol mixtures. ABSTRACT. Structure of graphene oxide (GO) membranes was studied in situ in liquid solvents using synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction in a broad temperature interval. GO membranes are hydrated by water similarly to precursor graphite oxide powders but intercalation of alcohols is strongly hindered, which explains why the GO membranes are permeated by water and not by ethanol. Insertion of ethanol into the membrane structure is limited to only one monolayer in the whole studied temperature range, in contrast to precursor graphite oxide powders, which are intercalated with up to two ethanol monolayers (Brodie) and four ethanol monolayers (Hummers). As a result, GO membranes demonstrate absence of "negative thermal expansion" and phase transitions connected to insertion/de-insertion of alcohols upon temperature variations reported earlier for graphite oxide powders. Therefore, GO membranes are distinct type of material with unique solvation properties compared to parent graphite oxides even if they are composed by the same graphene oxide flakes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of graphene oxide membranes in liquid water, ethanol and water–ethanol mixtures

et al. 2014

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“…The basal planes of graphene oxide sheets are decorated primarily with epoxy and hydroxyl groups, with carboxyl groups located at the edges [14,22]. Specifically, because of the introduction of oxygen-containing functional groups on the carbon nanosheets, the adsorption and intercalation of molecules and ions is possible [23].…”

Section: Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tert-butylhydroquinone-decorated graphene nanosheets and their enhanced capacitive behaviors

Wang

Chang

et al. 2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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In the present work, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) was used to decorate graphene nanosheets to obtain a novel and environmentally friendly electrode material for supercapacitors. The fast redox reactions between hydroquinone and quinone generate pseudocapacitance. Graphene layers which have adsorbed TBHQ interact with each other to construct a three-dimensional network. Through this network, electrolyte ions can easily access the surface of graphene to generate electric double-layer capacitance. Electrochemical measurements have shown that using TBHQ as a redox modifier of graphene can obtain a maximum value of 302 F g -1 and provide a 51% enhancement in specific capacitance. Furthermore, excellent rate capability and cycling ability are achieved using the TBHQ-decorated graphene nanosheet electrode. To improve the capacitive behavior of graphene-based materials further, only a few studies have investigated the use of graphene coupled with conducting polymers [8][9][10][11]. Also, some researchers are trying to introduce the transition metal oxides/hydroxides with high theoretical specific capacitances into graphene systems [12][13][14][15][16]. In particular, Ni(OH) 2 hexagonal nanoplates grown on graphene sheets have shown both high-power and energy capabilities [17]. However, inorganic materials are non-renewable. Their excessive consumption usually causes a series of environmental problems. There are some organic molecules with reversible electrochemical redox couples that could generate pseudocapacitance under a set of given conditions. For instance, 2-nitro-1-naphthol and anthraquinone have been introduced into carbon black [18] and carbon fabric [19], respectively. In the former case, voltammetric and impedance data obtained in a conventional three-electrode cell were reported, but the modified carbon black was not evaluated as a supercapacitor. In the latter case, the use of anthraquinone as a Graphene

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“…In order to prove this fact, we measured IR spectra of initial graphite oxide and graphite oxide film after 1 hour of UV irradiation. The IR spectrum of the initial GO has several distinguishing features, determining presence of functional groups: region at 3000 -3700 cm −1 , corresponding to hydroxyl groups and water molecule deformations, peaks at 1720 cm −1 (carboxyl), 1620 cm −1 (interlayer water), 1040 and 1365 cm −1 (hydroxyl groups), 1160 cm −1 and shoulder at 1220 cm −1 , corresponding to epoxide groups [13,14]. After treatment, the IR spectrum has significant changes -absorption at 3000 -3700 cm −1 (hydroxyls, water and carboxyl) are significantly decreased, the peak for interlayer water (1620 cm −1 ) also disappears and peaks at 1580 and 1430 cm −1 , corresponding to C=C and C-C vibrations, increases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etching of wrinkled graphene oxide films in noble gas atmosphere under UV irradiation

Aleksenskii¹,

Vul²,

Dideĭkin³

et al. 2016

Nanosystems: Phys. Chem. Math.

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We have studied the process of UV reduction of wrinkled grahpene oxide films, deposited on silicon substrate from ethanol suspension. In order to avoid destruction of graphene oxide via ozone formation from ambient air, samples were protected by argon atmosphere during UV irradiation. Using the analysis of back scattering spectra for medium energy ions, we have found that the UV irradiation mediated reduction process produced significantly decreased carbon content on the substrate surface. The decrease in the carbon content was accompanied by a smoothing of the films during reduction to graphene. We suppose that the observed effect is related to the oxidation of carbon atoms in the graphene scaffold of graphene oxide to carbon monoxide or dioxide by the oxygen from the graphene oxide (GO) itself. One has to consider this when developing a process for the preparation of graphene films using the UV-mediated reduction of graphene oxide.

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The Structure of Graphite Oxide: Investigation of Its Surface Chemical Groups

Cited by 355 publications

References 33 publications

The structure of graphene oxide membranes in liquid water, ethanol and water–ethanol mixtures

The structure of graphene oxide membranes in liquid water, ethanol and water–ethanol mixtures

Tert-butylhydroquinone-decorated graphene nanosheets and their enhanced capacitive behaviors

Etching of wrinkled graphene oxide films in noble gas atmosphere under UV irradiation

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