The structure of chlorosulfonated polyethylene

Abstract

The chlorines in chlorosulfonated polyethylene have been characterized by kinetic analysis according to the method of Salomon. It is found that 2.7% of the total chlorine is primary, 89.8% secondary, 3.5% tertiary, and 4% is sulfonyl chloride. These results are in accord with statistical calculations based on a polyethylene model containing the same methylene‐to‐methyl group ratio as the polyethylene precursor. The types and approximate quantities of dichlorides in the chlorosulfonated polyethylene have been determined by reactions with potassium iodide and zinc dust

The Main-Chain Structure and Chlorine Distribution of Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene via Gas-Solid Phase Method

“…1 and all the Chemical shifts referenced to TMS are listed in Table 1 [7]. [1,8] First of all, we divided all the carbon atoms into four parts: (1) chlorine-substituted carbon (C Cl ); (2) sulfonyl chloride-substituted carbon (Cso 2 c l ); (3) methyl (-CH 3 ); (4) methenyl (-CH 2 -). And then the concentration of these four kinds of Carbon atoms(C) could be obtained, and listed in Table 2.…”

The Use of Iron(II,III) Oxide (Fe3O4) as a Cross-Linking Agent for Unfilled and Filled Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (CSM) and Study of the Vulcanizates Properties

“…Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) is a special elastomer containing chlorosulfonic and chlorinated groups. This polymer contains 25–45% bound chlorine and 1.0–2.2% bound sulfur [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. To ensure the best processing properties of CSM, the chlorine content in the macromolecules should not exceed 27%, while the chlorosulfonic groups should not exceed 1.5% [ 4 ].…”

“…The technological and functional properties as well as the chemical reactivity and cohesion characteristics of CSM depend on the content of bound chlorine and sulfur. Lower-density CSM dissolves well in aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. It is noteworthy that the substitution of some number of hydrogen atoms in polyethylene chain with chlorine atoms and chlorosulfonic groups causes a disruption of the regularity of the polymer chain structure, and as a result the crystallization susceptibility changes [ 1 ].…”

“…Non-standard methods with oxides of metals of various valence can also be used, however, one should be careful because they influence on accelerated aging of vulcanizates [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. According to the literature, metal hydroxides, stearates, abiethates, naphthenates, aliphatic diamines, and thiocarbamates are also used for vulcanization [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. The cross-linking with metal oxides leads to the formation of an ionic spatial network and consequently to good mechanical and functional properties of the cross-linked products [ 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

“…One of the most important requirements for rubber products is the resistance to higher temperatures of 300–500 °C. As a result of technological developments, there is an increased need for rubbers that can withstand the environment, where the temperature is high and very often causes irreversible changes in the mechanical properties of rubber [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to obtain flame-retardant materials based on chlorosulfonated polyethylene and non-standard cross-linking of CSM with iron(II,III) oxide.…”