The Structure of Bacterial S-Layer Proteins

Pavkov‐Keller, Tea; Howorka, Stefan; Keller, Walter

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-415906-8.00004-2

Cited by 65 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 246 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The S-layer type cannot be clearly classified from the available data, but in Gram-positive bacteria and in certain archaea, the S-layer is non-covalently bound to cell wall components such as peptidoglycan, secondary cell wall polymers or pseudomurein. In most archaea, the S-layers exhibit pillar-like structures on the inner surface, which are involved in anchoring the arrays in the underlying cytoplasmic membrane 37,38 . Therefore, the cell envelope of the ultra-small ARTICLE bacteria studied here (thick cytoplasmic membrane, S-layer with a hexagonal symmetry and connectors) is inferred to have mixed character, sharing aspects of both Gram-positive bacteria and archaea cell envelopes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse uncultivated ultra-small bacterial cells in groundwater

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bacteria from phyla lacking cultivated representatives are widespread in natural systems and some have very small genomes. Here we test the hypothesis that these cells are small and thus might be enriched by filtration for coupled genomic and ultrastructural characterization. Metagenomic analysis of groundwater that passed through a B0.2-mm filter reveals a wide diversity of bacteria from the WWE3, OP11 and OD1 candidate phyla. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that, despite morphological variation, cells consistently have small cell size (0.009 ± 0.002 mm 3 ). Ultrastructural features potentially related to cell and genome size minimization include tightly packed spirals inferred to be DNA, few densely packed ribosomes and a variety of pili-like structures that might enable inter-organism interactions that compensate for biosynthetic capacities inferred to be missing from genomic data. The results suggest that extremely small cell size is associated with these relatively common, yet little known organisms.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse uncultivated ultra-small bacterial cells in groundwater

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most S-layers are monomolecular assemblies of single subunit species with a molecular weight ranging between 40 and 200 kDa. S-layer lattices generally exhibit oblique ( p1, p2), square (p4) or hexagonal (p3, p6) space group symmetry with a centre-to-centre spacing of the morphological units of 3.5-35 nm [12,28,82]. Hexagonal lattice symmetry is predominant among archaea [9,83].…”

Section: S-layer Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic interfaces based on S-layer proteins, lipid membranes and functional biomolecules

Schuster

Sleytr

2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Designing and utilization of biomimetic membrane systems generated by bottom-up processes is a rapidly growing scientific and engineering field. Elucidation of the supramolecular construction principle of archaeal cell envelopes composed of S-layer stabilized lipid membranes led to new strategies for generating highly stable functional lipid membranes at mesoand macroscopic scale. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art survey of how S-layer proteins, lipids and polymers may be used as basic building blocks for the assembly of S-layer-supported lipid membranes. These biomimetic membrane systems are distinguished by a nanopatterned fluidity, enhanced stability and longevity and, thus, provide a dedicated reconstitution matrix for membrane-active peptides and transmembrane proteins. Exciting areas in the (lab-on-a-) biochip technology are combining composite S-layer membrane systems involving specific membrane functions with the silicon world. Thus, it might become possible to create artificial noses or tongues, where many receptor proteins have to be exposed and read out simultaneously. Moreover, S-layer-coated liposomes and emulsomes copying virus envelopes constitute promising nanoformulations for the production of novel targeting, delivery, encapsulation and imaging systems.

show abstract

“…This "two-dimensional array of proteinaceous subunits" covering the entire surface of the cell with highly porous lattice is commonly composed of a single homogeneous protein or glycoprotein species. The protomers, ranging from 25 to 200 kDa [92], are translocated mainly as precursors containing an N-terminal signal peptide [91]. Mature proteins undergo self-assembly on the cell surface, forming 5-20 nm thick lattice with a rather smooth outer and a more corrugated inner surface.…”

Section: S-layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacteria as Biocatalysts for Carbonate Mineralization

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Microbial carbonate mineralization is widespread in nature and among microorganisms, and of vast ecological and geological importance. However, our understanding of the mechanisms that trigger and control processes such as calcification, i.e., mineralization of CO 2 to calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), is limited and literature on cyanobacterial calcification is oftentimes bewildering and occasionally controversial. In cyanobacteria, calcification may be intimately associated with the carbon dioxide-(CO 2 ) concentrating mechanism (CCM), a biochemical system that allows the cells to raise the concentration of CO 2 at the site of the carboxylating enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) up to 1000-fold over that in the surrounding medium. A comprehensive understanding of biologically induced carbonate mineralization is important for our ability to assess its role in past, present, and future carbon cycling, interpret paleontological data, and for evaluating the process as a means for biological carbon capture and storage (CCS). In this review we summarize and discuss the metabolic, physiological and structural features of cyanobacteria that may be involved in the reactions leading to mineral formation and precipitation, present a conceptual model of cyanobacterial calcification, and, finally, suggest practical applications for cyanobacterial carbonate mineralization.

show abstract

The Structure of Bacterial S-Layer Proteins

Cited by 65 publications

References 246 publications

Diverse uncultivated ultra-small bacterial cells in groundwater

Diverse uncultivated ultra-small bacterial cells in groundwater

Biomimetic interfaces based on S-layer proteins, lipid membranes and functional biomolecules

Cyanobacteria as Biocatalysts for Carbonate Mineralization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About