The structure, metabolism and function of the carcinoembryonic antigen gene family

Thomas, Peter; Toth, Carol A.; Saini, Kulvinder Singh; Jessup, J. Milburn; Steele, Glenn

doi:10.1016/0304-419x(90)90003-j

Cited by 66 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Therefore, elevated serum CEA level reported herein is associated with liver metastasis [79]. Input of CEA into the circulation is controlled by production rate of the tumor; its location and stage, its size, differentiation and vascularity and the presence or absence of distant metastases [80] [81]. However, alpha feto protein (AFP) is the principal in fetal plasma in early gestation is subsequently present at very low levels (<25 mg/L).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Synergistic Effect and Antioxidant Properties of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Quercetin against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induce Hepatotoxicity in Rats

El-Denshary¹,

Aljawish²,

El‐Nekeety³

et al. 2015

SNL

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This study was conducted to prepare chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), to determine their properties and to evaluate the synergistic protective role of CNPs alone or in combination with quercetin (Q) against oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 12 groups (7 rats/group) and were maintained on their respective diet for 3 weeks as follow: control group, the group treated with CCl4 (100 mg/kg b.w twice a week); the groups received CNPs at low and high doses (140 and 280 mg/kg b.w); the group received Q (50 mg/kg b.w); the groups received CNPs at the low or high doses plus Q and the groups treated with CCl4 plus Q and/or CNPs at the two tested doses. Blood and liver samples were collected at the end of experiment period for biochemical and histological studies. The results indicated that chitosan showed deacetylation degree of 17.5% and 19.2% and the molar mass average of monomer was 168.35 g/mol and 169.1 g/mol by UV and IR methods respectively. The particle size of CNPs was around 100 nm with a rough surface. The in vivo results revealed that CCl4 induced biochemical and histological changes typical to those reported in the literature. Animals treated with CNPs at the two tested doses alone or in combination with Q were comparable to the control. CNPs alone or plus Q succeeded to induce significant improvements in the biochemical parameters and histological picture of the liver in rats treated with CCl4. This improvement was in dose-dependent manner for CNPs and was * Corresponding author. E. S. El-Denshary et al. 37more pronounced in the group treated with the high dose plus Q. It could be concluded that both CNPs and Q could induce protection against hepatotoxicity. Consequently, CNPs was a promise candidate as drug delivery in liver diseases treatments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Synergistic Effect and Antioxidant Properties of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Quercetin against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induce Hepatotoxicity in Rats

El-Denshary¹,

Aljawish²,

El‐Nekeety³

et al. 2015

SNL

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“…The structural similarity of cea to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 might alter cell adhesion, which might in turn have a role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Thus, cea might play a role in the metastatic process [31][32][33][34] . Evidence for the role of cea in cancer dissemination was revealed in a study by Hostetter et al 35 , who showed that the rate of liver metastasis in mice transplanted with colorectal tumours increased to 48% from 2% after cea injection.…”

Section: Levels Of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (Cea) and Carbohydrate Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Value of Preoperative Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 in Colorectal Cancer

Polat

Duman

et al. 2014

Current Oncology

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Background: Since the first introduction of tumour markers, their usefulness for diagnosis has been a challenging question. The aim of the present prospective study was to investigate, in colorectal cancer patients, the relationship between preoperative tumour marker concentrations and various clinical variables. Methods: The study prospectively enrolled 131 consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma and 131 age- and sex-matched control subjects with no malignancy. The relationships of the tumour markers carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) and carbohydrate antigen (ca) 19-9 with disease stage, tumour differentiation (grade), mucus production, liver function tests, T stage, N stage, M stage were investigated. Results: Serum concentrations of cea were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (p = 0.001); they were also significantly higher in stage iii (p = 0.018) and iv disease (p = 0.001) than in stage i. Serum concentrations of cea were significantly elevated in the presence of spread to lymph nodes (p = 0.005) in the patient group. Levels of both tumour markers were significantly elevated in the presence of distant metastasis in the patient group (p = 0.005 for cea; p = 0.004 for ca 19-9). Conclusions: Preoperative levels of cea and ca 19-9 might provide an estimate of lymph node invasion and distant metastasis in colorectal cancer patients.

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“…2 The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family forms a part of the immunoglobulin supergene family and encodes glycoproteins that share some of the antigenic epitopes present on CEA, which includes CEA, nonspecific crossreacting antigens (NCAs), biliary glycoprotein (BGP)1, and CEA gene member (CGM) antigens. [3][4][5] At the 7th international meeting on leukocyte typing (Boston, USA, 1993), some antigens belonging to the CEA family were newly classified as CD66, which consists of CD66a (BGP1), CD66b (NCA-95, CGM6 antigen), CD66c (NCA-50/90), and CD66e (CEA). 6 Several NCA antigens with similar but distinct biochemical properties have been identified in a variety of normal and malignant tissues or cells, including colon, lung, spleen, granulocytes and macrophages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The KOR-SA3544 antigen predominantly expressed on the surface of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells is nonspecific cross-reacting antigen-50/90 (CD66c) and invariably expressed in cytoplasm of human leukemia cells

et al. 1999

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The structure, metabolism and function of the carcinoembryonic antigen gene family

Cited by 66 publications

References 104 publications

Possible Synergistic Effect and Antioxidant Properties of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Quercetin against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induce Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Possible Synergistic Effect and Antioxidant Properties of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Quercetin against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induce Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Diagnostic Value of Preoperative Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 in Colorectal Cancer

The KOR-SA3544 antigen predominantly expressed on the surface of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells is nonspecific cross-reacting antigen-50/90 (CD66c) and invariably expressed in cytoplasm of human leukemia cells

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