The Structure and Functional Zonation of the Human Adrenal Cortex

Dobbie, James W.; Mackay, Andrew; Symington, T.

doi:10.1177/003591576706000946

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Our results showed that patients with adrenal adenomas that were lipid-rich could not be distinguished from those that were lipid-poor using DWI. Adrenal adenomas can have various histologic appearances, including different amounts of cytoplasmic lipid [27,28]. Cells of adrenal cortical adenoma are vacuolated because of the presence of intracytoplasmic lipid, which consists of free and membrane-bound lipid [27,28].…”

Section: Dwi Characterization Of Adrenal Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adrenal adenomas can have various histologic appearances, including different amounts of cytoplasmic lipid [27,28]. Cells of adrenal cortical adenoma are vacuolated because of the presence of intracytoplasmic lipid, which consists of free and membrane-bound lipid [27,28]. Variable proportions of abundant lipid cells and fewer lipid cells contribute to a variable adrenal adenoma cellularity, and the degree of restriction to water diffusion in such biologic tissue may be expected to be different [14,15].…”

Section: Dwi Characterization Of Adrenal Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utility of Diffusion-Weighted MRI in Characterization of Adrenal Lesions

Miller

Wang

McCarthy³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Roentgenology

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Section: Dwi Characterization Of Adrenal Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dwi Characterization Of Adrenal Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of Diffusion-Weighted MRI in Characterization of Adrenal Lesions

Miller

Wang

McCarthy³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Roentgenology

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“…Each adrenal artery divides into 10-50 small branches; these penetrate the visceral capsule and form a complex vascular plexus (12,13) which in case of injuries generate massive hemorrhages. On the other hand this vascular network allows to avoid gland infarction after transarterial embolization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenal glands hemorrhages: embolization in acute setting

et al. 2019

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Background: Acute adrenal hemorrhages are a rare event compared to other abdominal visceral injuries because of the anatomic localization of the adrenal glands; main causes are trauma and ruptured neoplasms.This manuscript reports on a single center experience of transarterial embolizations of adrenal hemorrhages in emergency setting.Methods: In this retrospective analysis from 2010 to date, 17 patients (12 men and 5 women, mean age: 59.8 years) presenting with adrenal bleedings were treated by endovascular embolization. The etiology was traumatic in 7 cases, ruptured neoplasm in 8 cases and spontaneous in 2 patients assuming oral anticoagulant therapy. After thin slice contrast enhanced CT, a superselective embolization was conducted with different embolizing agents according to the type of vessel lesion and operator preference.Results: Technical success rate, considered as interruption of adrenal bleeding detectable at angiography, was 94.1%. Clinical success rate, considered as hemodynamic stability restoration within 24 hours from the procedure, was 82.3%. Vessels involved were the superior adrenal artery in 5 patients, the middle adrenal artery in 8 patients, the inferior adrenal artery in one patient and more than one adrenal artery in 3 patients.No procedure-related major complications occurred and no patients had infarctions, necrosis, abscess formation, or required long-term steroid supplementation.Conclusions: Acute adrenal hemorrhages can be safely and effectively managed by catheter directed embolizations; the source of bleeding has to be carefully investigated at CT and angiography because adrenal glands present with a wide and complex vascular arterial network.

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“…Как известно, аденомы надпочечников могут иметь различное гистологическое строение, включая различное количество цитоплазматических липидов, которые состоят из свободных и мембраносвязанных фракций [27,28]. Различные пропорции количества липидных клеток способствуют переменной клеточности аденомы надпочечника, вследствие чего степень ограничения диффузии свободных молекул воды в такой биологической ткани может быть различной [29,30].…”

Section: обсуждение обсуждениеunclassified

The Utility of Multiparametric MRI or Difffferentiating Adrenal Adenomas from Adrenal Metastases

Магамедова¹,

Медведева²,

Лаптева³

2022

jour

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Purpose: To evaluate the possibility of multiparametric MRI in the differential diagnosis of benign adrenal adenomas and adrenal metastases.Material and methods: In our study we evaluated 27 adenomas and 13 adrenal metastases using MRI in 35 patients who underwent examination and treatment at the basis of the N.N. Blokhin National Research Center of Oncology during the follow-up period from 2019 to 2021. The following parameters were evaluated: contours, homogeneity (homogeneous and heterogeneous), T2-weighted SI ratio (isointensive, moderately hyperintensive or sharply hyperintensive) relative to muscle and spleen, signal intensity (SI) decrease on chemical-shift MRI, measurement of the chemical-shift SI index, adrenal-to-spleen SI ratio, areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for contrast-enhanced MRI, absolute and relative percentage wash-out. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. DWI with b-values 400 and 800 s/mm2 and ADCs imaging were measured in adrenal lesions.Results: Metastases were subjectively more heterogeneous than adenomas (76.9 % vs 63 % of cases, p = 0.0181). Adenomas had higher T2-weighted SI (average value = 228; range from 91 to 732) than metastases (average value = 331; range from 114 to 581), both quantitatively (p = 0.0326) and subjectively by visual assessment (p = 0.0171).According to the T1-WI out-of-phase data, a more intense MR signal was observed in metastases (average value 162; range from 102 to 242) compared with adenomas (average value = 74; range from 17 to 183) (p < 0.0001), which was confirmed by normalization to muscle (p < 0.0001) and spleen (p = 0.0002). Adrenal metastases were characterized by a significantly lower chemical shift index (average value = 3.8; range from –16.4 to 47.8; p < 0.0001) compared with adenomas (average value 55.4; range from –4.2 to 85.5), and a higher chemical shift index in the ratio adrenal gland/spleen (p = 0.0079). There were no significant difference in the value of ADC-cards of adenomas and adrenal metastases. However, a higher level of SI on DWI at b = 800 s/ mm2 without normalization (p = 0.0262) and with normalization to muscle (p = 0.0064) and spleen (p = 0.0007) was evaluated in metastases, as well as on DWI at b = 400 s/mm2 with normalization for muscle (p = 0.0086) and spleen (p = 0.035). On native T1-WI FS, there was a lower level of SI revealed in adenomas compared to adrenal metastases (p = 0.0025), which was confirmed by normalization to the muscle (p = 0.0028) and spleen (p = 0.0035). In the venous and delayed phases of scanning the SI in adenomas was also lower than in metastases both without normalization (p = 0.0123 and p = 0.007, respectively), and with normalization to the muscle (p = 0.013 and p = 0.0011, respectively) and the spleen (p = 0.0084 and p = 0.0012, respectively). However, the SI in the arterial phase of scanning with and without normalization, the accumulation of MRCS in all phases of MRI scanning, the absolute and relative percentage wash-out of MRCS and the area under the MRCS accumulation curve in the groups had no statistically significant difference.

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The Structure and Functional Zonation of the Human Adrenal Cortex

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Utility of Diffusion-Weighted MRI in Characterization of Adrenal Lesions

Utility of Diffusion-Weighted MRI in Characterization of Adrenal Lesions

Adrenal glands hemorrhages: embolization in acute setting

The Utility of Multiparametric MRI or Difffferentiating Adrenal Adenomas from Adrenal Metastases

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