The Structure and Function of Helminth Surfaces

Thompson, David P.; Geary, Timothy G.

doi:10.1016/b978-012473345-9/50013-1

Cited by 97 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…It is possible that tannins contained in ethanol and water extracts of plants produced similar effects. It was also suggested that tannins bind to free proteins in the gastrointestinal tract of host animal (Athnasiadou et al 2001b;Hoste et al, 2006) or glycoprotein on the cuticle of the parasite disturbing the physiological functions like motility, feed absorption and reproduction (Thompson and Geary, 1995;Aerts et al, 1999;Githiori et al 2006) or interference with morphology and proteolytic activity of microbes (Min et al, 2003;Waghorn and McNabb, 2003) and cause death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro anthelmintic potential of Vernonia amygdalina and Secamone africana on gastrointestinal nematodes

Nalule¹,

Mbaria²

2013

ABJNA

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In-vitro studies were conducted to determine the anthelmintic activity of ethanolic and water extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Secamone africana used by agro-pastoralists in semi-arid land Uganda. The plant materials were collected from Nakasongola district and extracted using 70% ethanol and water. Efficacy and potency of crude extracts was determined using extracts' serial dilutions ranging 4mg/ml to 64mg/ml parallel to serial dilutions of albendazole ranging: 6.25-100mg/ml in three replicates. Ascaris suum model was used for the assays. Standard phytochemical methods were used for qualitative phytochemical analysis. The plants' extracts caused a dose-dependent motility inhibition with highest concentration of both ethanolic and water extracts of V.amygdalina causing 90% inhibition compared with 100% inhibition caused by albendazole. The corresponding median effective doses of ethanolic, water and albendazole were 5.94mg/ml, 13.70mg/ml and 15.12mg/ml respectively and significantly differed (F (2, 53) =257.43, p=0.001). There was a significant difference in motility inhibition in all dose levels (F (5, 53) = 14.01, P = 0.001; R 2 = 0.93). Similarly, the water and ethanolic extracts of S.africana caused a 93.3% and 80% motility inhibition with median effective doses of 40.08mg/ml and 25.41mg/ml respectively which also significantly differed (F (2, 53) =183.26, p= 0.001). There was also a highly significant difference in motility inhibition in all dose levels (F (5, 53) = 8.00, P = 0.001; R 2 = 0.92). The phytochemical screening revealed presence of tannins, alkaloid, saponins, flavonoids, steroids glycosides, triterpenes, coumarin derivatives, anthocyanocides, anthracenocides, and reducing sugars. In conclusion, V.amygdalina and S.africana are potential sources for novel antihelmintics and the secondary metabolites present justify their ethno-veterinary use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro anthelmintic potential of Vernonia amygdalina and Secamone africana on gastrointestinal nematodes

Nalule¹,

Mbaria²

2013

ABJNA

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“…Some synthetic phenolic anthelmintics, example, niclosamide, oxyclozanide, bithionol and nitroxynil are found to interfere with energy generation in helminth parasites by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation (Martin, 1997). Another possible anthelmintic effect of tannins is that they can bind to free proteins in the gastrointestinal tract of host animal (Athanasiadou et al, 2001) or glycoprotein on the cuticle of the parasite (Thompson and Geary, 1995) and cause death. However, the anthelmintic effect of plants containing tannins actually depends on the type and content of tannins in the plant (Niezen et al, 1998;Athanasiadou et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic efficacy of cashew (Anarcadium occidentale L.) on in vitro susceptibility of the ova and larvae of Haemonchus contortus

Ademola¹,

J²

2011

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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“…It is possible that tannins contained in ethanol and aqueous extracts of all three plants produced similar effects. It was also suggested that tannins bind to free proteins in the gastrointestinal tract of the host animal (Athanasiadou et al 2001) or glycoprotein on the cuticle of the parasite disturbing physiological function like motility, feed absorption and reproduction (Thompson and Geary 1995;Githiori et al 2006) or interference with morphology and proteolytic activity of microbes (Min et al 2003;Waghorn and McNabb 2003) and cause death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic potential of Calotropis procera, Azadirachta indica and Punica granatum against Gastrothylax indicus

et al. 2015

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Anthelmintic activity of both ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Calotropis procera flowers, Azadirachta indica leaves and Punica granatum fruit peel in comparison with albendazole was evaluated through in vitro studies by the worm motility inhibition assay. Significant anthelmintic effects (p \ 0.0005) were observed on live Gastrothylax indicus worm as evident from their mortality at 4 h post exposure to both ethanolic and aqueous extracts. Phytochemical analysis of extracts revealed the presence of phenols, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and triterpenoids. LC-50 values were determined to be 12.05 mg/ml ± 3.24 and 23.52 mg/ ml ± 6.4 for C. procera, 24.37 mg/ml ± 4.11 and 21.02 mg/ml ± 4.6 for A. indica, 18.92 mg/ml ± 4.54 and 24.43 mg/ml ± 6.96 for P. granatum ethanolic and aqueous extracts respectively, whereas it was 29.23 lg/ ml ± 4.51 for albendazole. The mean mortality index (MI) was 1.0 and 0.90 for C. procera, 0.90 for A. indica and 0.73 and 0.80 for P. granatum ethanolic and aqueous extracts respectively whereas for albendazole it was 1.0. Percent mean worm motility inhibition (%WMI) was observed to be between 70 and 100 % for different extracts.Various concentrations (5-5000 lg/ml) of all the plant extracts and albendazole were used to detect their cytotoxic effects against HeLa cell line to determine CC-50 by MTT assay. CC-50 values, of all the plant extracts were determined to be [1000 lg/ml and for albendazole it was found to be [10 lM. All the three plants can be potential sources for novel anthelmintics.

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The Structure and Function of Helminth Surfaces

Cited by 97 publications

References 127 publications

In vitro anthelmintic potential of Vernonia amygdalina and Secamone africana on gastrointestinal nematodes

In vitro anthelmintic potential of Vernonia amygdalina and Secamone africana on gastrointestinal nematodes

Anthelmintic efficacy of cashew (Anarcadium occidentale L.) on in vitro susceptibility of the ova and larvae of Haemonchus contortus

Anthelmintic potential of Calotropis procera, Azadirachta indica and Punica granatum against Gastrothylax indicus

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