The Structure and Development of the Tracheal System

Noirot, Ch.; Noirot-Timothée, C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7266-4_12

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Although there is evidence that actin matrices underlie organization of both the basal and apical plasma membranes in terminal cells (Gervais and Casanova, 2010;JayaNandanan et al, 2014;Levi et al, 2006;Schottenfeld-Roames et al, 2014;Ukken et al, 2014), we do not observe such matrices, probably because our fixation methods do not preserve these particular cytoskeletal elements. The features we observe are consistent with previous reports of tracheolar ultrastructure, observed in Drosophila and other insects fixed using standard chemical techniques, but with an increased resolution of cellular membranes (Levi et al, 2006;Manning and Krasnow, 1993;Noirot and Noirot-Timothee, 1982;Snelling et al, 2011). …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…To function in respiration, these nascent branches must undergo a process of tubulogenesis, forming a membrane-bound intracellular lumen of ∼500 nm in diameter. Inside the membrane, the lumen is lined with an elaborate cuticle organized into helical ridges known as taenidia (larger taenidia are also observed in other tube types within the tracheal system and are highly characteristic of insect trachea) (Noirot and Noirot-Timothee, 1982). Like the cuticle covering the larval surface, the tracheal cuticle consists of a layer of protein and lipids (epicuticle) overlying a layer comprised primarily of polymerized chitin ( procuticle).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intracellular lumen formation in Drosophila proceeds via a novel subcellular compartment

Nikolova

Metzstein

2015

Development

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Cellular tubes have diverse morphologies, including multicellular, unicellular and subcellular architectures. Subcellular tubes are found prominently within the vertebrate vasculature, the insect breathing system and the nematode excretory apparatus, but how such tubes form is poorly understood. To characterize the cellular mechanisms of subcellular tube formation, we have refined methods of high pressure freezing/freeze substitution to prepare Drosophila larvae for transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis. Using our methods, we have found that subcellular tube formation may proceed through a previously undescribed multimembrane intermediate composed of vesicles bound within a novel subcellular compartment. We have also developed correlative light/TEM procedures to identify labeled cells in TEM-fixed larval samples. Using this technique, we have found that Vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) and the V-ATPase regulator Rabconnectin-3 are required for subcellular tube formation, probably in a step resolving the intermediate compartment into a mature lumen. In general, our ultrastructural analysis methods could be useful for a wide range of cellular investigations in Drosophila larvae.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular lumen formation in Drosophila proceeds via a novel subcellular compartment

Nikolova

Metzstein

2015

Development

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“…Indeed, ultrastructural studies reveal 15-20 nm gaps between terminal branches and their substrata, too small to accommodate activated integrins but similar in size to other adhesion junctions including cadherin-and fasciclin-mediated junctions (Noirot and Noirot-Thimotee, 1982;Prokop et al, 1998;Tepass et al, 2000) (B.P.L., unpublished). Interestingly, tendrils and other mutations that result in C-terminal truncations of talin ) cause a more severe phenotype than deletion of the gene, null mys mutations or mew if double mutations.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1C,D) (Wigglesworth and Lee, 1982). These blindended tubes ramify extensively on and attach tightly to internal tissues to facilitate gas exchange (Manning and Krasnow, 1993;Noirot and Noirot-Thimotee, 1982). The attachments are generally long lived, although under certain conditions, cellular projections from oxygen-starved cells can bind to and redistribute nearby terminal branches to satisfy their oxygen need (Wigglesworth, 1959;Wigglesworth, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophilatalin and integrin genes are required for maintenance of tracheal terminal branches and luminal organization

2006

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Epithelial tubes that compose many organs are typically long lasting,except under specific developmental and physiological conditions when network remodeling occurs. Although there has been progress elucidating mechanisms of tube formation, little is known of the mechanisms that maintain tubes and destabilize them during network remodeling. Here, we describe Drosophila tendrils mutations that compromise maintenance of tracheal terminal branches, fine gauge tubes formed by tracheal terminal cells that ramify on and adhere tightly to tissues in order to supply them with oxygen. Homozygous tendrils terminal cell clones have fewer terminal branches than normal but individual branches contain multiple convoluted lumens. The phenotype arises late in development: terminal branches bud and form lumens normally early in development, but during larval life lumens become convoluted and mature branches degenerate. Their lumens, however, are retained in the remaining branches, resulting in the distinctive multi-lumen phenotype. Mapping and molecular studies demonstrate that tendrils is allelic to rhea, which encodes Drosophila talin, a large cytoskeletal protein that links integrins to the cytoskeleton. Terminal cells mutant for myospheroid, the major Drosophila β-integrin, or doubly mutant for multiple edematous wings and inflatedα-integrins, also show the tendrils phenotype, and localization of myospheroid β-integrin protein is disrupted in tendrils mutant terminal cells. The results provide evidence that integrin-talin adhesion complexes are necessary to maintain tracheal terminal branches and luminal organization. Similar complexes may stabilize other tubular networks and may be targeted for inactivation during network remodeling events.

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“…The cuticle contains regular folds known as taenidia. These are arranged in a helical pattern and are thought to maintain a certain flexibility within tracheal epithelia and at the same time keep the lumen open (35). A number of genes are responsible for integrity and maintenance of this epithelium such as crumbs, a large EGF protein (36), shotgun, a DE-cadherin (37), and the transcription factor hindsight (38).…”

Section: Silencing Of Fat-like Transcript Impairs Tubular Tissue Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fat-like Gene of Drosophila Is the True Orthologue of Vertebrate Fat Cadherins and Is Involved in the Formation of Tubular Organs

Castillejo-López¹,

Arias²,

Baumgärtner³

2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Fat cadherins constitute a subclass of the large cadherin family characterized by the presence of 34 cadherin motifs. To date, three mammalian Fat cadherins have been described; however, only limited information is known about the function of these molecules. In this paper, we describe the second fat cadherin in Drosophila, fat-like (ftl). We show that ftl is the true orthologue of vertebrate fat-like genes, whereas the previously characterized tumor suppressor cadherin, fat, is more distantly related as compared with ftl. Ftl is a large molecule of 4705 amino acids. It is expressed apically in luminal tissues such as trachea, salivary glands, proventriculus, and hindgut. Silencing of ftl results in the collapse of tracheal epithelia giving rise to breaks, deletions, and sac-like structures. Other tubular organs such as proventriculus, salivary glands, and hindgut are also malformed or missing. These data suggest that Ftl is required for morphogenesis and maintenance of tubular structures of ectodermal origin and underline its similarity in function to a reported lethal mouse knock-out of fat1 where glomerular epithelial processes collapse. Based on our results, we propose a model where Ftl acts as a spacer to keep tubular epithelia apart rather than the previously described adhesive properties of the cadherin superfamily.

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The Structure and Development of the Tracheal System

Cited by 23 publications

References 45 publications

Intracellular lumen formation in Drosophila proceeds via a novel subcellular compartment

Intracellular lumen formation in Drosophila proceeds via a novel subcellular compartment

Drosophilatalin and integrin genes are required for maintenance of tracheal terminal branches and luminal organization

The fat-like Gene of Drosophila Is the True Orthologue of Vertebrate Fat Cadherins and Is Involved in the Formation of Tubular Organs

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