The structural role of titanium in Ca–Sr–Zn–Si/Ti glasses for medical applications

Fabrication of CaO–NaO–SiO2/TiO2 scaffolds for surgical applications

“…Thermal analysis of each glass revealed no significant change in glass transition temperature (T g ) between ScC (606°C) and Sc1 (611°C), however, Sc2 reduced slightly to 596°C. This slight reduction in T g may be attributed to de-polymerisation of Si-O-Si glass network as indicated by the reduction in NC as has been previously determined by the authors [9]. It may also be the case that the relatively low substitution of TiO 2 for SiO 2 results in a relatively insignificant change in T g (Fig.…”

“…Previous work on glasses with similar compositions determined TiO 2 to act as a network modifying cation [9], and as such, its substitution for SiO 2 in this instance may result in a more biodegradable scaffold. Titanium (Ti) was used as it has been widely used in the field of orthopaedics and has exhibited positive tissue response in commercial biomaterials [10][11][12].…”

The bioactivity and ion release of titanium-containing glass polyalkenoate cements for medical applications

“…The bioactive response of a series of Ti substituted GPCs was evaluated to expand previous work which described the glass phase characterization [32] , mechanical properties and setting of these cements [31] . Initial testing was performed on the glass both before and after γ-sterilization.…”

“…The network connectivity of the glass series was found to decrease from 1.83 to 1.69, 1.54 and 1.35 for BT 101, TW-X, TW-Y and TW-Z respectively, as the TiO 2 concentration in the glass increased (figure 2b). Previous work on similar glass compositions determined that Ti acted as a network modifier within the glass, where it forms 6-fold octahedral groups resulting in an increase in the concentration of Non-Bridging Oxygen (NBO) groups [32] .…”

“…Previous work on these cements has resulted in increasing the handling and mechanical properties compared to a Ti-free GPC of similar composition [31] . Characterization of the Ti-glass phase has also revealed that the addition of TiO 2 results in an increased concentration of Si-O-NBO species [32] . In relation to bioactivity, network modifying alkali and alkali earth cations in the glass can disrupt the continuity of the glass network due to the breaking of some of the Si-O-Si groups leading to the formation of Si-O-NBO species [33] .…”