The Structural Basis of Traumatic Epilepsy and Results of Radical Operation

Foerster, O.; Penfield, Wilder

doi:10.1093/brain/53.2.99

Cited by 215 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Our findings show that neurons are more likely to go into periodic seizures when the Na ϩ -K ϩ pump rate is reduced as overall oxygen availability to the neurons is reduced, consistent with the observations in Grisar (1984) that the activity of the Na ϩ -K ϩ pump may be reduced in human epilepsy patients. Our findings are also consistent with the early work of Foerster and Penfield (1930), who described how seizures could be reliably produced in scarred posttraumatic brain by gently pulling on the attached dura producing mild transient vascular compromise.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Oxygen and seizure dynamics: II. Computational modeling

Wei

Ullah

Ingram

et al. 2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

126

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recordings show intense neuronal firing during epileptic seizures leading to enhanced energy consumption. However, the relationship between oxygen metabolism and seizure patterns has not been well studied. Recent studies have developed fast and quantitative techniques to measure oxygen microdomain concentration during seizure events. In this article, we develop a biophysical model that accounts for these experimental observations. The model is an extension of the Hodgkin-Huxley formalism and includes the neuronal microenvironment dynamics of sodium, potassium, and oxygen concentrations. Our model accounts for metabolic energy consumption during and following seizure events. We can further account for the experimental observation that hypoxia can induce seizures, with seizures occurring only within a narrow range of tissue oxygen pressure. We also reproduce the interplay between excitatory and inhibitory neurons seen in experiments, accounting for the different oxygen levels observed during seizures in excitatory vs. inhibitory cell layers. Our findings offer a more comprehensive understanding of the complex interrelationship among seizures, ion dynamics, and energy metabolism.hippocampus; hypoxia; bifurcation; epilepsy; potassium THE BRAIN CONSUMES 20% OF the body's metabolic energy with muscles and digestive system at rest, despite being only 2% of the human body mass (Attwell and Laughlin 2001). The majority of the brain's metabolic energy is dedicated to supporting neural spiking activity, most of which is used by Na ϩ -K ϩ

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Oxygen and seizure dynamics: II. Computational modeling

Wei

Ullah

Ingram

et al. 2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

126

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show abstract

“…1 Gliotic scar formation is a prominent feature of human epilepsy. 2,3 The almost invariable presence of gliotic scars in chronic focal epilepsy has led many to suggest a physiological role for glia in the disease. [4][5][6] Early studies on the role of astrocytes in epilepsy carried out mostly on gliotic scars induced by topical application of chemicals such as alumina or cobalt to the cortex of animal brains are reviewed by Tiffany-Castiglioni and Castiglioni.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocytes and Epilepsy

2010

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Summary: Astrocytes form a significant constituent of seizure foci in the human brain. For a long time it was believed that astrocytes play a significant role in the causation of seizures. With the increase in our understanding of the unique biology of these cells, their precise role in seizure foci is receiving renewed attention. This article reviews the information now available on the role of astrocytes in the hippocampal seizure focus in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis. Our intent is to try to integrate the available data. Astrocytes at seizure foci seem to not be a homogeneous population of cells, and in addition to typical glial fibrillary acidic protein, positive reactive astrocytes also include a population of neuron glia-2-like cells The astrocytes in sclerotic hippocampi differ from those in nonsclerotic hippocampi in their membrane physiology, having elevated Naϩ channels and reduced inwardly rectifying potassium ion channels, and some having the capacity to generate action potentials. They also have reduced glutamine synthetase and increased glutamate dehydrogenase activity. The molecular interface between the astrocyte and microvasculature is also changed. The astrocytes are also associated with increased expression of many molecules normally concerned with immune and inflammatory functions. A speculative mechanism postulates that neuron glia-2-like cells may be involved in creating a high glutamate environment, whereas the function of more typical reactive astrocytes contribute to maintain high extracellular Kϩ levels; both factors contributing to the hyperexcitability of subicular neurons to generate epileptiform activity. The functions of the astrocyte vascular interface may be more critical to the processes involved in epileptogenesis.

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“…10,20,37 Its definite impact on preserving function in the resection of low-grade gliomas has been reported. [6][7][8]13,18,36 Nevertheless, methodological rigor and the meticulous performance of mapping procedures are indispensable to avoid any false-positive or false-negative stimulation results, which could lead to inadequate tumor resection or cause permanent neurological deficits.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraoperative electrical stimulation in awake craniotomy: methodological aspects of current practice

Szelényi

Bello

Duffau

et al. 2010

FOC

308

163

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There is increasing evidence that the extent of tumor removal in low-grade glioma surgery is related to patient survival time. Thus, the goal of resecting the largest amount of tumor possible without leading to permanent neurological sequelae is a challenge for the neurosurgeon. Electrical stimulation of the brain to detect cortical and axonal areas involved in motor, language, and cognitive function and located within the tumor or along its boundaries has become an essential tool in combination with awake craniotomy. Based on a literature review, discussions within the European Low-Grade Glioma Group, and illustrative clinical experience, the authors of this paper provide an overview for neurosurgeons, neurophysiologists, linguists, and anesthesiologists as well as those new to the field about the stimulation techniques currently being used for mapping sensorimotor, language, and cognitive function in awake surgery for low-grade glioma. The paper is intended to help the understanding of these techniques and facilitate a comparison of results between users.

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The Structural Basis of Traumatic Epilepsy and Results of Radical Operation

Cited by 215 publications

References 2 publications

Oxygen and seizure dynamics: II. Computational modeling

Oxygen and seizure dynamics: II. Computational modeling

Astrocytes and Epilepsy

Intraoperative electrical stimulation in awake craniotomy: methodological aspects of current practice

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