The structural and functional contributions of β-glucosidase-producing microbial communities to cellulose degradation in composting

Zang, Xiangyun; Liu, Meiting; Fan, Yihong; Xu, Jie; Xu, Xiuhong; Li, Hongtao

doi:10.1186/s13068-018-1045-8

Cited by 91 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…It's worth noting that β-glucosidase exhibited the lowest level of hydrolyzing activity on lactose medium, but high ratio of HGT-BG produced by A. oryzaethe [41]. In our previous research work, at sufficiently high glucose concentration, the functional microbial community in compost was altered, up-regulation of glucose tolerant β-glucosidase genes and down-regulation of non-glucose tolerant β-glucosidase may contribute to maintaining β-glucosidase activity despite the high glucose content [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The aerobic composting samples collected at College of Resources and Environmental Sciences of Northeast Agricultural University in China. The details of the process of compost and the physicochemical properties of straw-cattle manure compost are described by zang [9]. We have collected four time-series samples from natural compost and inoculated compost (day 12, 22, 31 and 46).…”

Section: Samples Collection and Physicochemical Properties Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in order to achieve high conversion efficiency for cellulose, understanding the β-glucosidase-producing microbial communities are significantly important. Several sets of degenerate primer have been designed to analyze βglucosidase genes diversity from different environmental niches [4][5][6][7][8][9]. β-glucosidases (β-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21) are ubiquitous enzymes found in archaea, eubacteria, to eukaryotes [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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β-glucosidase genes differentially expressed during composting

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Cellulose degradation by cellulase is brought about by complex communities of interacting microorganism, which significantly to the cycling of carbon on a global scale. β-Glucosidase is the rate-limiting enzyme of degradation of cellulose. Thus, analysis of expression of genes involved in cellulose degradation and regulation of β-glucosidase gene expression in composting is beneficial to a better understanding of cellulose degradation mechanism. According to our previous researches, we present the hypothesis that "microbial functional communities differentially regulate the expression of glucose-tolerant β-glucosidase and glucose sensitive βglucosidase (up or down regulation) to adapt to the changes in cellulose degradation."Results: Here, the functional microbial community structure and function change in association with cellulose degradation during the process of natural and inoculated composts was investigated by metatranscriptome and DNA clone library. Compared with inoculated compost, cellulose degradation was obviously inhibited during natural composting. Especially, the cooling phase of natural compost exhibited carbon catabolite repression (CCR) effect due to high concentration of glucose and cellobiose. The expression of genes encoding endoglucanase and exoglucanase were significantly down-regulation, while the CCR has no effect on β-glucosidase genes expression levels. But functional microbial community composition changed significantly, the composition of glucose-tolerant βglucosidase increased.Conclusions: These results indicated that microbial functional communities differentially regulate the expression of glucose tolerant β-glucosidase (up regulation) and non-glucose tolerant β-glucosidase (down regulation) under CCR. This work provides a frame work to predict how functional microbial communities will respond to cellulose degradation conditions changes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Samples Collection and Physicochemical Properties Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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β-glucosidase genes differentially expressed during composting

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The presence of two distinctinducible and constitutive-AP was previously documented in Serratia marcescens cultured at low phosphate concentrations [22]. Previous observations have documented that, like most other hydrolytic ectoenzymes of aquatic microorganisms, -Glucosidases are a heterogeneous group of hydrolytic enzymes produced by yeasts, fungi, and bacteria; they are inducible enzymes involved in the induction of cellulase and in the degradation of cellulose [23]. Compared with reports on enzyme activity measurements currently adopted in aquatic microbial ecology [1,10], in the present study the combination of the enzyme assay with the viable staining protocol gave us the advantage to estimate whether and to what extent microbial cells were metabolically active and to associate this information with the fraction of the whole microbial community retaining viable attributes, as shown by the percentage of labelling with the CTC viability stain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Microbial enzymatic activity measurements by fl uorogenic substrates: Evidence of inducible enzymes in oligotrophic Mediterranean areas

Caruso¹,

Caruso²,

Maimone³

2019

J Clin Microbiol Biochem Technol

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Background: In aquatic environments, organic polymers such as proteins, polysaccharides and organic phosphates are cleaved and up taken by microorganisms through the expression of specifi c enzymes such as Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP), beta Glucosidase (GLU) and Alkaline Phosphatase (AP), respectively. Microbial enzymatic activities are a fundamental step in the organic matter utilization and turnover into simple monomers.The context and purpose of the study: An experiment was carried out by combining the enzymatic assay using fl uorogenic substrates with microscopical counts obtained using the viability marker 5-cyano-2,3 ditolyl-tetrazolium chloride (CTC). The main objective was to verify whether the enzyme activity played by microbial cells depends of the cell viability or rather whether the hydrolytic activity is directly stimulated by the availability of organic substrates for microbial metabolism. Results:This study provides evidence that in oligotrophic waters the fl uorescence signal often decreases after incubation with the substrate analogue used for the enzymatic assay. For such samples, the extension of the incubation period from 2 to 5 hours has allowed the detection of a positive fl uorescence signal. Simultaneous counts of the abundance of CTC+ cells revealed that only a fraction close to 30% of the total bacterioplankton was actively respiring, suggesting that the observed increase was related to the presence of inducible enzymes rather than of actively metabolising cells.Main fi ndings: Since the synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes by the microbial community can be induced by the presence of the organic substrates, adapting the incubation period to the trophic condition of the examined area is required for accurate enzymatic measurements, especially for oligotrophic environments.Conclusions: This is the fi rst contribution to link the enzyme activity rates with the viability properties (in terms of actively metabolising components) of bacterioplankton inhabiting pelagic Mediterranean waters.Brief summary: Evidence of inducible enzymes in oligotrophic Mediterranean areas was provided by the increase of fl uorescence recorded after incubation up to 5 hours with specifi c fl uorogenic substrates, in concomitance with the detection of a low fraction of actively respiring cells. While microbial cells were quite active for AP synthesis, LAP and GLU were mostly inducible enzymes, activated by the addition of their specifi c polymeric organic substrate. Any potential implications:In the examined oligotrophic waters the enzymatic activities seem to be stimulated mostly by the availability of metabolisable organic substrates. https://www.peertechz.com classes (bacterio-, phyto-and zoo-plankton) perform autotrophic and heterotrophic activities that drive marine biogeochemical processes. Knowledge of the specifi c role played by different planktonic size organisms and of their biogeochemical implications in different ecological contexts attracts increasing attention by the scientifi c community

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“…This enzyme and micro‐organisms known to express the gene encoding it have been demonstrated to play a critical role in cellulose degradation in composting (Zang et al . ). The gene encoding the enzyme glucan endo‐1,3‐beta‐ d ‐glucosidase has been identified in bacteria known for cellulose degradation including Clostridium thermocellum (Fuchs et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The initial soil microbiota impacts the potential for lignocellulose degradation during soil solarization

et al. 2019

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Aims Soil biosolarization (SBS) is a pest control technology that includes the incorporation of organic matter into soil prior to solarization. The objective of this study was to measure the impact of the initial soil microbiome on the temporal evolution of genes encoding lignocellulose‐degrading enzymes during SBS. Methods and Results Soil biosolarization field experiments were completed using green waste (GW) as a soil amendment and in the presence and absence of compost activating inoculum. Samples were collected over time and at two different soil depths for measurement of the microbial community and the predicted lignocellulosic‐degrading microbiome. Compost inoculum had a significant positive effect on several predicted genes encoding enzymes involved in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin degradation. These included beta‐glucosidase, endo‐1,3(4)‐beta‐glucanase, alpha‐galactosidase and laccase. Conclusion Amendment of micro‐organisms found in compost to soil prior to SBS enhanced the degradation potential of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin found in GW. Significance and Impact of the Study The type of organic matter amended and its biotransformation by soil micro‐organisms impact the efficacy of SBS. The results suggest that co‐amending highly recalcitrant biomass with micro‐organisms found in compost improves biomass conversion during SBS.

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The structural and functional contributions of β-glucosidase-producing microbial communities to cellulose degradation in composting

Cited by 91 publications

References 51 publications

β-glucosidase genes differentially expressed during composting

β-glucosidase genes differentially expressed during composting

Microbial enzymatic activity measurements by fl uorogenic substrates: Evidence of inducible enzymes in oligotrophic Mediterranean areas

The initial soil microbiota impacts the potential for lignocellulose degradation during soil solarization

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