The strong equivalence principle

Bertotti, B.; Grishchuk, L. P.

doi:10.1088/0264-9381/7/10/007

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Many of the modified theories of gravity that violate the strong equivalence principle [1,244,245] predict that locally measured gravitational constant (G) may vary with time [246]. Since the gravitational self-energy of a body is a function of the gravitational constant, in a theory where G is time-dependent, masses of compact bodies are also time-dependent [91].…”

Section: Varying-g Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametrized post-Einsteinian gravitational waveforms in various modified theories of gravity

Tahura

Yagi

2018

Phys. Rev. D

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Despite the tremendous success of general relativity so far, modified theories of gravity have received increased attention lately, motivated from both theoretical and observational aspects. In particular, gravitational wave observations opened new possibilities for testing the viability of such theories in the dynamical and strong-field regime. One could test each modified theory of gravity against observed data one at a time, though perhaps a more efficient approach would be to first probe gravity in a theory-agnostic way and map such information to that on specific theories afterwards. One example of such model-independent tests of gravity with gravitational waves is the parameterized post-Einsteinian formalism, where one introduces generic parameters in the amplitude and phase that capture non-Einsteinian effects. In this paper, we derive gravitational waveforms from inspiraling compact binaries in various modified theories of gravity that violate at least one fundamental pillar in general relativity, such as the strong equivalence principle, Lorentz and parity invariance and commutativity of spacetime. We achieve this by first deriving relations between corrections to the waveform amplitude/phase and those to the frequency evolution and Kepler's third law, since the latter two have already been (or can easily be) derived in several example modified theories of gravity. In particular, such an analysis allows us to derive corrections to the waveform amplitude, which extends many of previous works that focused on deriving phase corrections only. Moreover, we derive modified gravitational waveforms in theories with varying gravitational constant. In particular, we extend the previous work by introducing two different gravitational constants (the conservative one entering in the binding energy and the dissipative one entering in the gravitational wave luminosity), and allowing masses of binary constituents to also vary with time. We also correct some errors in previous literature. Our results can be used to improve current analyses of testing general relativity with available gravitational wave data, as well as to achieve new projected constraints on various modified theories of gravity with future gravitational wave observations. 1 PPE waveforms due to modifications in the propagation sector can be found in [82,93,94], which have been used for GW150914, GW151226 [82] and GW170104 [56] to constrain the mass of the graviton and Lorentz violation.

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Section: Varying-g Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametrized post-Einsteinian gravitational waveforms in various modified theories of gravity

Tahura

Yagi

2018

Phys. Rev. D

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“…This is not what one would expect in an arbitrary nonlinear theory. 19 Thus, the GWEP and the SEP play the role of selection rules that, among the metric theories of gravity individuated by EEP, seem to single-out only those that possess a "minimal nonlinearity", in a quite precise sense. Remarkably, this property seems to characterise the purely metric theories, and more specifically those of the Lanczos-Lovelock class (which, in four spacetime dimensions, reduce to Einsteins gravity).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonequivalence of equivalence principles

Casola

Liberati

Sonego

2015

American Journal of Physics

113

110

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Equivalence principles played a central role in the development of general relativity. Furthermore, they have provided operative procedures for testing the validity of general relativity, or constraining competing theories of gravitation. This has led to a flourishing of different, and inequivalent, formulations of these principles, with the undesired consequence that often the same name, "equivalence principle," is associated with statements having a quite different physical meaning. In this paper, we provide a precise formulation of the several incarnations of the equivalence principle, clarifying their uses and reciprocal relations. We also discuss their possible role as selecting principles in the design and classification of viable theories of gravitation

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“…Laboratory tests with torsion-balance experiments provided precise measurements (i.e., ∼10 −13 ; Wagner et al 2012) of the weak equivalence principle (WEP) indicating that objects with different composition and structure fall with the same acceleration in a uniform gravitational field. To account for the selfgravitational energy of the observed body (Ω B ), the strong equivalence principle (SEP) was introduced as an extension of Galileo's postulate (e.g., Bertotti and Grishchuk 1990)…”

Section: Gravitational Theories and Heliophysics Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geodesy, Geophysics and Fundamental Physics Investigations of the BepiColombo Mission

et al. 2021

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In preparation for the ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission to Mercury, thematic working groups had been established for coordinating the activities within the BepiColombo Science Working Team in specific fields. Here we describe the scientific goals of the Geodesy and Geophysics Working Group (GGWG) that aims at addressing fundamental questions regarding Mercury’s internal structure and evolution. This multidisciplinary investigation will also test the gravity laws by using the planet Mercury as a proof mass. The instruments on the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO), which are devoted to accomplishing the GGWG science objectives, include the BepiColombo Laser Altimeter (BELA), the Mercury orbiter radio science experiment (MORE), and the MPO magnetometer (MPO-MAG). The onboard Italian spring accelerometer (ISA) will greatly aid the orbit reconstruction needed by the gravity investigation and laser altimetry. We report the current knowledge on the geophysics, geodesy, and evolution of Mercury after the successful NASA mission MESSENGER and set the prospects for the BepiColombo science investigations based on the latest findings on Mercury’s interior. The MPO spacecraft of the BepiColombo mission will provide extremely accurate measurements of Mercury’s topography, gravity, and magnetic field, extending and improving MESSENGER data coverage, in particular in the southern hemisphere. Furthermore, the dual-spacecraft configuration of the BepiColombo mission with the Mio spacecraft at higher altitudes than the MPO spacecraft will be fundamental for decoupling the internal and external contributions of Mercury’s magnetic field. Thanks to the synergy between the geophysical instrument suite and to the complementary instruments dedicated to the investigations on Mercury’s surface, composition, and environment, the BepiColombo mission is poised to advance our understanding of the interior and evolution of the innermost planet of the solar system.

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The strong equivalence principle

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Parametrized post-Einsteinian gravitational waveforms in various modified theories of gravity

Parametrized post-Einsteinian gravitational waveforms in various modified theories of gravity

Nonequivalence of equivalence principles

Geodesy, Geophysics and Fundamental Physics Investigations of the BepiColombo Mission

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