The stringent response factor, RelA, positively regulates T6SS4 expression through the RovM/RovA pathway in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Similar and Divergent Roles of Stringent Regulator (p)ppGpp and DksA on Pleiotropic Phenotype of Yersinia enterocolitica

“…Previous studies have suggested that stringent responses play a role in bacterial resistance to multiple environmental stresses ( 29 ). For the foodborne pathogen Y. enterocolitica , tolerance to acids, alkalis, high osmosis, and oxidants is very important for the strain to adapt to complex food environments quickly ( 29 , 30 ). Therefore, we assessed the survival rate of the WT and mutant strains under these environmental stresses ( Fig.…”

“…It is not surprising that the change ratio of motility- and biofilm-associated genes in YENR was more stable than in YENRS since the phenotypes of Y. enterocolitis in the absence of RelA also exhibited no significant changes. A previous study reported that RelA positively regulates T6SS through the RovA pathway in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis , which raised our interest in the effect of Y. enterocolitis (p)ppGpp and DksA on rovA transcription ( 29 ). We observed an approximately 2-fold reduction in YEND and YENDRS; however, similar expression levels were observed in the relA mutant.…”

Roles of Type VI Secretion System in Transport of Metal Ions

“…By mitigating the detrimental hydroxyl radicals induced by multiple stresses, T6SS-4 provided a molecular explanation to the phenomenon of "cross-protection" in which cells subjected to one stress become resistant to distinctly different insults (Isohanni et al, 2013). Consistent with the function of T6SS-4 in combating stress, its expression is regulated by multiple transcription regulators, such as OmpR (Gueguen et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2013), OxyR (Wang et al, 2015), RovM (Song et al, 2015), RpoS (Guan et al, 2015), and RelA (Yang et al, 2019), all of which respond to various stresses (Song et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2019). Both ZntR and Zur, two zinc responsive regulators, are also involved in T6SS-4 regulation by directly binding to its promoter region (Wang et al, 2017;Cai et al, 2021).…”

Defending against the Type Six Secretion System: beyond Immunity Genes

“…Notably, katN is induced by RpoS and the oxidative stress regulator OxyR. The Y. paratuberculosis T6SS4 is also regulated by OxyR (as well as multiple other stress responses, including the zinc regulator ZntR and the starvation-induced stringent response) and plays a role in protecting against hydrogen peroxide (Wang et al, 2015(Wang et al, , 2017bYang et al, 2019). Specifically, a T6SS-secreted effector, YezP, is able to chelate and import zinc into bacteria to protect against multiple different stresses, including ROS (Wang et al, 2015).…”