The Strict Anaerobes in the Slime and Intestines of the Haddock (Gadus Aeglefinus)

Shewan, J. M.

doi:10.1128/jb.35.4.397-407.1938

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…1. Twenty-three benthic animals were collected by otter trawl (specimens UM 1-17 and UM 22-24) and with a small biological trawl (UM [25][26][27]. Animals retrieved by otter trawl and by a small biological trawl were exposed to surface waters of temperatures >150C for approximately 20 and 40 min, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species Composition and Barotolerance of Gut Microflora of Deep-Sea Benthic Macrofauna Collected at Various Depths in the Atlantic Ocean

Ohwada

Tabor

Colwell

1980

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The bacterial flora of marine animals collected at depths of 570 to 2,446 m was examined for population size and generic composition, and the barotolerant characteristics of selected bacterial isolates were determined. Total numbers of culturable, aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria were found to be low in animals collected at the greatest ocean depths sampled in this study. Vibrio spp. were predominant in 10 of 15 samples examined, and Photobacterium spp. and yeasts were the major components of the remainder. Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, and Flavobacterium spp. comprised minor components of the gut flora of deepsea fish. Forty-six pure cultures isolated from samples of seven animals were tested for growth or viability after incubation for 1 week under pressures ranging from 100 to 750 atm. Strains of bacteria isolated from samples of fish intestine were more barotolerant than those from the stomach (P < 0.01). When incubated at a pressure of 600 atm, viability of bacterial cultures originally isolated from fish caught at a depth of 570 m was significantly decreased in comparison with viability of cultures from animals caught at depths of 1,393 and 2,446 m (P < 0.01). From results of this study, it is concluded that the gut microflora of animals that dwell in the deeper regions of the ocean are adapted to an increased hydrostatic pressure environment, that is, the gut microflora is less inhibited by elevated hydrostatic pressure with increasing depth from which the host animal was collected.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species Composition and Barotolerance of Gut Microflora of Deep-Sea Benthic Macrofauna Collected at Various Depths in the Atlantic Ocean

Ohwada

Tabor

Colwell

1980

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The search for sporeforming, obligate anaerobes in the samples of stored herring gave in all cases a negative result. Other investigators have arrived at the same conclusions with other species of fish, with the exception of fish feeding on the bottom, such as haddock- Shewan (1938). The presence of sporeforming, obligate anaerobes in canning plants is important since the spores of these organisms offer great resistance to heat.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Bacteriological Investigation on Spoilage of Winter Herring During Storage

Aschehoug¹,

Vesterhus²

1947

Journal of Food Science

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INVESTIGATION O N SPOILAGE OF WINTER HERRING 57Watson (1939) likewise was interested in the trimethylamine oxidereducing bacteria, and studied for this purpose chiefly members of the genus Achromobacter which, according to his findings, is chiefly responsible for the spoilage of cod muscle a t low temperatures. Some 200 species of facultative anaerobes were studied in cod muscle press juice, besides aerobic types belonging to the genera E'lavobacterium and Achromobacter. He concludes that the reduction of trimethylamine oxide is not a function of the bacterial population since only certain types of bacteria are capable of reducing trimethylamine oxide. He also found that obligate anaerobes are of no importance in the initial stages of fish spoilage.Literature concerning chemical and bacteriological changes in fish muscle during storage is well reviewed by Notevarp, Hjorth-Hansen, and Karlsen (1942) and Hjorth-Hansen (1943). These investigators concerned themselves chiefly with the chemical side of these problems.Kimata (1942) made microbiological studies on the spoilage of "semidried fishes, " examining 181 cultures isolated from fish in decomposition. The organisms were, according to frequency of occurrence, Micrococcus, nonsporeforming, and sporeforming rods. The nonsporeforming organisms belonged to the genera Achromobacter, Plavobacterium, and Pseudomonas. The spoilage of the "semi-dried fishes" is attributed chiefly to the action of cocci and nonmotile rods, thus being different from the spoilage of fresh fish which is principally acted on by the nonsporeforming, motile, water bacteria belonging to Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, and Plavobacterium.Thjotta and Somme (1942) made an extensive bacteriological examination of 19 species of fish including sea fish as well as fresh-water fish taken from different localities in Norway. I n all 379 bacterial strains from the skin, gills, and intestines of freshly captured fish were classified according to Bergey (1939) and represented seven families and 16 genera.Aschehoug and Vesterhus (1943) made a study of the normal bacterial flora of freshly caught winter herring for the purpose of examining the distribution of the initial flora of the fish. This investigation, being the first phase of an extensive study of the bacterial flora of the same fish during storage, was carried out during two winter fishing seasons in order to obtain an average of the normal bacterial flora of fresh fish. According to their findings the fish flesh is sterile. From the slime, gills, and intestines 272 organisms were isolated, and their characteristics were studied in detail. There was no special qualitative difference in the flora from the various sources. The following five genera were represented in the slime and gills : Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Plavobacterium, Micrococcibs, and Proteus. In the intestines only three of the mentioned genera, Achromobacter, Pseudomonas, and Micrococcus, were demonstrated. Of potential importance for the keeping quality of the fish was the demonstration o...

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“…Hunter (1920a) found several in decomposing fish flesh, and Pellers (1926) reported anaerobes as comprising two per cent of his total isolations from slime. A recent publication by Shewan (1938) states that no anaerobes were found in haddock slime, but some members of the group Glosstridiuna were isolated from the intestines.…”

Section: Field Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

STUDIES ON BACTERIAL FLORA OP NORTH PACIFIC SALMON¹

Snow

Beard

1939

Journal of Food Science

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The Strict Anaerobes in the Slime and Intestines of the Haddock (Gadus Aeglefinus)

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Species Composition and Barotolerance of Gut Microflora of Deep-Sea Benthic Macrofauna Collected at Various Depths in the Atlantic Ocean

Species Composition and Barotolerance of Gut Microflora of Deep-Sea Benthic Macrofauna Collected at Various Depths in the Atlantic Ocean

Bacteriological Investigation on Spoilage of Winter Herring During Storage

STUDIES ON BACTERIAL FLORA OP NORTH PACIFIC SALMON¹

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The Strict Anaerobes in the Slime and Intestines of the Haddock (Gadus Aeglefinus)

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Species Composition and Barotolerance of Gut Microflora of Deep-Sea Benthic Macrofauna Collected at Various Depths in the Atlantic Ocean

Species Composition and Barotolerance of Gut Microflora of Deep-Sea Benthic Macrofauna Collected at Various Depths in the Atlantic Ocean

Bacteriological Investigation on Spoilage of Winter Herring During Storage

STUDIES ON BACTERIAL FLORA OP NORTH PACIFIC SALMON1

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STUDIES ON BACTERIAL FLORA OP NORTH PACIFIC SALMON¹