The ‘strict’ anaerobe <i>Desulfovibrio gigas</i> contains a membrane‐bound oxygen‐reducing respiratory chain

Lemos, Rita S.; Gomes, Cláudio M.; Santana, Margarida; LeGall, Jean; Xavier, António V.; Teixeira, Miguel

doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02399-7

Cited by 100 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…These include superoxide dismutase (CT1211), rubredoxin oxygen oxidoreductase (CT2285) (23), and cytochrome bd quinol oxidase (CT1818 and CT1819). The presence of the latter two enzymes suggests that C. tepidum encounters oxygen; these enzymes may function in protecting oxygen-sensitive enzymes such as the photosynthetic apparatus and nitrogenase from damage (24,25).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complete genome sequence of Chlorobium tepidum TLS, a photosynthetic, anaerobic, green-sulfur bacterium

Eisen

Nelson

Paulsen

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

350

303

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The complete genome of the green-sulfur eubacterium Chlorobium tepidum TLS was determined to be a single circular chromosome of 2,154,946 bp. This represents the first genome sequence from the phylum Chlorobia, whose members perform anoxygenic photosynthesis by the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle. Genome comparisons have identified genes in C. tepidum that are highly conserved among photosynthetic species. Many of these have no assigned function and may play novel roles in photosynthesis or photobiology. Phylogenomic analysis reveals likely duplications of genes involved in biosynthetic pathways for photosynthesis and the metabolism of sulfur and nitrogen as well as strong similarities between metabolic processes in C. tepidum and many Archaeal species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complete genome sequence of Chlorobium tepidum TLS, a photosynthetic, anaerobic, green-sulfur bacterium

Eisen

Nelson

Paulsen

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

350

303

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“…Genome analysis has revealed that D. vulgaris does possess a high-affinity terminal oxidase (DVU3270-71) homologous to the D. gigas enzyme that allows oxygen respiration under microaerophilic conditions 37 . Additionally, D. vulgaris contains genes for a low affinity aa3-type terminal cytochrome c oxidase (DVU1812-15, cox) adjacent to the genes for monoheme cytochrome c-553 (DVU1817, cyf).…”

Section: Energy Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome sequence of the anaerobic, sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough

Heidelberg¹,

Seshadri²,

et al. 2004

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Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are anaerobic prokaryotes found ubiquitously in nature. SRB were the first nonphotosynthetic, anaerobic bacteria shown to generate energy (ATP) through electron transfer-coupled phosphorylation. For this process, the SRB typically use sulfate as the terminal electron acceptor for respiration of hydrogen or various organic acids, which results in the production of sulfide, a highly reactive and toxic end-product. Beyond their obvious function in the sulfur cycle, SRB play an important role in global cycling of numerous other elements 1 . For example, in the carbon cycle, the SRB form part of microbial consortia that completely mineralize organic carbon in anaerobic environments; polymeric materials (e.g., cellulose) are first depolymerized and metabolized by fermentative microorganisms, and the resulting organic acid and reduced gas (that is, CO and H 2 ) end-products are further fermented or oxidized by other microbes, including SRB. The latter are particularly active in sulfate-rich (e.g., marine) environments, where they effectively link the global sulfur and carbon cycles 1,2 .Beyond these ecological roles, SRB also have a major economic impact because of their involvement in biocorrosion of ferrous metals in anaerobic environments 3 , described as "industrial venereal disease-it's expensive, everybody has it, and nobody wants to talk about it" 4 . For example, because SRB are abundant in oil fields, their metabolism has many negative consequences for the petroleum industry (e.g., corrosion of drilling and pumping machinery and storage tanks, souring of oil by sulfide production, plugging of machinery and rock pores with biomass and sulfide precipitates). The SRB also contribute to bioremediation of toxic metal ions 5,6 . Their metabolism increases the pH, causing toxic metal ions like copper (II), nickel (II) and cadmium (II) to precipitate as metal sulfides in acidic aquatic environments (e.g., mine effluents). Additionally, SRB can deliver electrons directly to oxidized toxic metal ions, including uranium (VI), technetium (VII), and chromium (VI), converting these into less soluble, reduced forms. Hence, SRB-mediated reduction represents a potentially useful mechanism for the bioremediation of metal ion contaminants from anaerobic sediments 6 .Most research on the metabolism and biochemistry of SRB has been done on the genus Desulfovibrio, a member of the δ-proteobacteria The genome sequence of the anaerobic, sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough is a model organism for studying the energy metabolism of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and for understanding the economic impacts of SRB, including biocorrosion of metal infrastructure and bioremediation of toxic metal ions. The 3,570,858 base pair (bp) genome sequence reveals a network of novel c-type cytochromes, connecting multiple periplasmic hydrogenases and formate dehydrogenases, as a key feature of its energy metabolism. The relative arrangement of genes encod...

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“…This reduction is linked to NADH oxidation and involves several soluble enzymes and electron transport proteins, the key enzyme being the rubredoxin-oxygen oxidoreductase (9,10). An oxygen-reducing respiratory chain involving a membrane-bound cytochrome bd terminal oxygen reductase has been purified in the same organism (11), and genes for a membrane-bound cytochrome c oxidase have been found in D. vulgaris Miyazaki (12). Genome analysis of D. vulgaris Hildenborough (www.tigr.org) and D. desulfuricans G20 (www.jgi.doe.gov) revealed the presence of both genes for cytochrome c oxidase and cytochrome bd.…”

Section: Sulfate-reducing Bacteria Like Desulfovibrio Vulgarismentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Function of the Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough [Fe] Hydrogenase in the Protection against Oxidative Stress

Fournier

Dermoun

Durand

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Sulfate-reducing bacteria, like Desulfovibrio vulgarisHildenborough, have developed a set of reactions allowing them to survive in oxic environments and even to reduce molecular oxygen to water. D. vulgaris contains a cytoplasmic superoxide reductase (SOR) and a periplasmic superoxide dismutase (SOD) involved in the elimination of superoxide anions. To assign the function of SOD, the periplasmic [Fe] hydrogenase activity was followed in both wild-type and sod deletant strains. This activity was lower in the strain lacking the SOD than in the wild-type when the cells were exposed to oxygen for a short time. The periplasmic SOD is thus involved in the protection of sensitive iron-sulfur-containing enzyme against superoxide-induced damages. Surprisingly, production of the periplasmic Microbial sulfate reduction has been reported to be an ancient process as old as 3.47 gigayears. Sulfate reduction thus represents an early specific metabolic pathway, allowing time calibration of a deep node on the tree of life (1). Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) 1 are universally distributed in marine and microbial mats where sulfate reduction is the dominant anaerobic biomineralization pathway. They constitute a group of anaerobic prokaryotes, which are unified by sharing the capacity to carry out dissimilatory sulfate reduction to sulfide as a major component of their bioenergetic processes. Although sulfate reduction is generally considered to be an anaerobic process, the abundance and metabolic activity of SRB in oxic zones is frequently evaluated as higher than those in neighboring anoxic zones in numerous biotopes (2, 3). In situ detection of sulfate reducing activity and SRB populations in these biotopes showed that SRB species did not have the same capability of resisting oxygen. Analysis of the photooxic zone of cyanobacterial mats revealed a well-defined SRB distribution. Although Desulfobacter and Desulfobacterium were restricted to the deepest levels in the mats, Desulfococcus were predominant in the photooxic zone with Desulfovibrio also present. This distribution suggests that both groups contain oxygen-tolerant members (4). It is thus clear that SRB exhibit a differentiated set of reactions to oxygen: first, many SRB form aggregates (5), resulting in a higher tolerance to oxygen exposure; second, at least Desulfovibrio species migrate in response to the oxygen concentration in their environment (5); and third, many species respire with oxygen (6). However, although it has been demonstrated that aerobic respiration is coupled with proton translocation and ATP conservation, aerobic growth in pure culture has never been proved (7). The high respiration rate merely seems to have a protective function. In an oxygen gradient, bacteria form bands at the outer edge of the oxic zone, suggesting both negative and positive aerotaxis responses (8). The capability of SRB to move toward oxygen and reduce it might play an ecological role in the zone of transition from an oxic to an anoxic environment, protecting themselves and other...

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The ‘strict’ anaerobe Desulfovibrio gigas contains a membrane‐bound oxygen‐reducing respiratory chain

Cited by 100 publications

References 33 publications

The complete genome sequence of Chlorobium tepidum TLS, a photosynthetic, anaerobic, green-sulfur bacterium

The complete genome sequence of Chlorobium tepidum TLS, a photosynthetic, anaerobic, green-sulfur bacterium

The genome sequence of the anaerobic, sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough

A New Function of the Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough [Fe] Hydrogenase in the Protection against Oxidative Stress

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