The Stress Process: Its Origins, Evolution, and Future

Aneshensel, Carol S.; Mitchell, Uchechi A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07797-0_3

Cited by 49 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Although some studies have also found that emotional social support buffers the effects of discrimination on mental health ( 8 ), others have not ( 80 ). Our findings may align with a resource deterioration model for the relationship between social stressors and coping resources, such that social support functions as a mediator instead of a moderator of this relationship ( 38 ). The chronic stress of everyday experiences of discrimination may tax and erode the social networks from which blacks receive emotional support and, thus, leave them more vulnerable to the adverse effects of discrimination on mental health.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…In this way, repeated experiences of acute and chronic forms of discrimination can erode a sense of self and contribute to feelings of powerlessness and, ultimately, hopelessness. That said, the stress process model suggests that the extent to which a stressor adversely affects a person’s mental health is intricately tied to the resources available to cope with the stressor ( 38 ). Therefore, the impact of discrimination on hopelessness should be examined in the context of available social and psychological resources.…”

Section: Hopelessness and The Stress Of Discrimination For Us Blackmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hopelessness Among Middle-Aged and Older Blacks: The Negative Impact of Discrimination and Protecting Power of Social and Religious Resources

Mitchell

Gutierrez-Kapheim

Nguyen

et al. 2020

Innovation in Aging

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Background and Objectives Hopelessness—a state of despair characterized by a negative outlook towards the future and a belief in insurmountable challenges—is a risk factor for major depression, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality among older adults. It is also an understudied consequence of discrimination. Older Blacks disproportionately report experiencing discrimination and, as a result, may be at greater risk of feeling hopeless. However, social and religious resources may protect against the adverse effects of discrimination. The current study examines whether social support, social engagement, religious attendance, and religiosity buffer the effects of self-reported everyday discrimination on hopelessness among a nationally representative sample of Blacks. Research Design and Methods Using data from the 2010/2012 psychosocial assessment of the Health and Retirement Study, we regressed hopelessness on everyday discrimination, stratifying by two age groups, ages 51-64, representing middle-age (n=1,302) and age 65 and older, representing old age (n=887). Interaction terms tested whether each resource moderated the discrimination-hopelessness relationship controlling for depressive symptoms, socioeconomic status, and demographic characteristics. Results Greater reports of everyday discrimination were associated with higher levels of hopelessness for middle-aged and older Blacks. For middle-aged Blacks, the resources did not moderate the discrimination-hopelessness relationship; rather higher levels of support (b=-.294, p<0.01), religiosity (b=-.297, p<0.001), religious attendance (b=-.218, p<0.05) were independently and inversely associated with hopelessness. For older Blacks, higher levels of religiosity moderated the discrimination-hopelessness relationship (b=-.208, p<0.05) and higher levels of support (b=-.304, p<0.05) and social engagement (b=-.236, p<0.05) were independently and inversely associated with hopelessness. Discussion and Implications Findings suggest that self-reported everyday discrimination increases hopelessness among middle-aged and older Blacks but social and religious resources may counterbalance its effects, in age-specific ways, to protect against hopelessness. Religiosity may be especially important for older Blacks as a buffer against the negative consequences of discrimination on hopelessness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Hopelessness and The Stress Of Discrimination For Us Blackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hopelessness Among Middle-Aged and Older Blacks: The Negative Impact of Discrimination and Protecting Power of Social and Religious Resources

Mitchell

Gutierrez-Kapheim

Nguyen

et al. 2020

Innovation in Aging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Women tend to report more parenting stress than men do (Garcia-Lopez, Sarria, & Pozo, 2016). Levels of education and socio-economic status are also differentially associated with exposure to chronic stressors (Aneshensel & Mitchell, 2014). Future studies should evaluate the interaction of stress and sleep quality in samples with a wider range of sociodemographic characteristics to ensure generalizability of the findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic parenting stress and mood reactivity: The role of sleep quality

et al. 2017

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Sleep is a basic biological process supporting emotion regulation. The emotion regulation function of sleep may be particularly important in the context of chronic stress. To better understand how chronic stress and sleep interact to predict mood, 66 parents of children with autism completed daily diaries assessing parenting stress, negative mood, and sleep quality for 6 consecutive days. Hierarchical linear modelling revealed that daily negative mood was predicted by between-person differences in parenting stress and between-person differences in sleep efficiency. Further, between-person differences in sleep efficiency and within-person differences in sleep satisfaction moderated the impact of stress on mood. These data suggest that sleep disturbances may exacerbate the association between stress and mood in the context of chronic parenting stress. Further, high parenting stress appears to heighten the impact of transient sleep disturbances on mood.

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“…One influential model is the stress process, which has served as a framework for understanding mechanisms by which stressors lead to health outcomes (Pearlin et al. , 1981; Pearlin, 2009; Wheaton, 2009; Aneshensel and Mitchell, 2014). This model distinguishes between three elements of stress: sources (e.g., life events, chronic stressors), outcomes (e.g., mental and physical health problems), and mediators (e.g., self-concepts, social support, coping skills; Pearlin, 1989, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying the Stress Process Model to Stress–Burnout and Stress–Depression Relationships in Biomedical Doctoral Students: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

Hish

Nagy

Fang

et al. 2019

LSE

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Although doctoral students in the biomedical sciences have been recognized as a population at particular risk for mental health problems such as burnout and depression, little research has been conducted to identify candidate targets for intervention. To this end, we used the stress process model to evaluate potential mediators of stress–burnout and stress–depression relationships in biomedical doctoral students. A cross-sectional sample (n = 69) completed validated self-report measures of stress; symptoms of burnout and depression; and perceptions of mastery, social support, and advisor support. In linear regression models, we found that academic stressors were most predictive of burnout, whereas family/monetary stressors were most predictive of depression. In mediation models, we found that the relationship between stress and burnout was partially mediated by mastery and advisor support, while the stress–depression relationship was partially mediated by mastery. These findings represent a first step in identifying interventional targets to improve mental health in this at-risk population. Whereas certain stressors are inherent to the doctoral training environment, psychosocial interventions to enhance one’s sense of mastery and/or to improve advisor relationships may mitigate the influence of such stressors on burnout and depression.

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The Stress Process: Its Origins, Evolution, and Future

Cited by 49 publications

References 71 publications

Hopelessness Among Middle-Aged and Older Blacks: The Negative Impact of Discrimination and Protecting Power of Social and Religious Resources

Hopelessness Among Middle-Aged and Older Blacks: The Negative Impact of Discrimination and Protecting Power of Social and Religious Resources

Chronic parenting stress and mood reactivity: The role of sleep quality

Applying the Stress Process Model to Stress–Burnout and Stress–Depression Relationships in Biomedical Doctoral Students: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

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