The strength of paraffin gels formed under static and flow conditions

Venkatesan, R.; Nagarajan, Narayana Rao; Paso, Kristofer; Yi, Yun–Bo; Sastry, Ann Marie; Fogler, H. Scott

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2005.02.045

Cited by 267 publications

(338 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Contradicting observations were also documented. [5] observed that a larger cooling rate produced stronger gels while [6][7][8] observed otherwise. The strength of the gelled waxy crude oil described in the literature cited above can be obtained utilizing various geometries on the rheometer; the cone and plate, the parallel plate and the vane geometry; and protocols; the creep-recovery test, the oscillatory test, the stress ramp test and many more which may possibly contribute to the variation of findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rheological Investigation on the Effect of Shear and Time Dependent Behavior of Waxy Crude Oil

Japper-Jaafar

Bhaskoro

Sariman

et al. 2014

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract-Rheological measurements are essential in transporting crude oil, especially for waxy crude oil. Several rheological measurements have been conducted to determine various rheological properties of waxy crude oil including the viscosity, yield strength, wax appearance temperature (WAT), wax disappearance temperature (WDT), storage modulus and loss modulus, amongst others, by using controlled stress rheometers. However, a procedure to determine the correct parameters for rheological measurements is still unavailable in the literature. The paper aims to investigate the effect of shear and time dependent behaviours of waxy crude oil during rheological measurements. It is expected that the preliminary work could lead toward a proper rheological measurement guideline for reliable rheological measurement of waxy crude oil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In describing the gelation and yielding behavior for gelled waxy crude oil for example, many literatures and findings are available. [5][6][7][8] studied the effect of cooling rate on the strength of the waxy crude oil gels formed under static cooling. Contradicting observations were also documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Investigation on the Effect of Shear and Time Dependent Behavior of Waxy Crude Oil

Japper-Jaafar

Bhaskoro

Sariman

et al. 2014

MATEC Web of Conferences

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“…Such production conditions cause the oil viscosity to increase, which leads to production problems due to the precipitation of waxes (Venkatesan et al, 2005;Gao, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Evaluation of Waxy Crude Oil Flow

Vieira

Pinheiro

Mattedi

et al. 2016

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-Part of the oil found in the Brazilian subsoil has a high wax content, which makes its flow process difficult at low temperatures because of the increase in the viscosity of the fluid. This paper studied the flow behavior of waxy crude oil under variation in the temperature of the external environment of the flow, the volumetric flow rate of the oil and the emulsified water content of the oil. The results were compared with those obtained for a non-waxy crude oil that had similar rheological properties at temperatures above the wax appearance temperature (WAT). The proposed tests were based on the experimental design technique, and the behavior of the fluids was evaluated based on the pressure variation generated by the flow.

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“…The waxes form stacked lamellar crystals with sizes of hundreds of micrometers and an overall morphology resembling a "house-of-cards" (Abdallah et al, 2000) that readily entrains liquid oil, primarily through surface tension, and effectively forms an organic gel. The occurrence and deposition of such large wax crystals cause a reduction of the ease of flow of crude oils and a loss of fluidity and filterability of middle distillates (Venkatesan et al, 2005;Singh et al, 1999). Wax deposition affects the storage tanks and conduits (Fig.3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%