The stratospheric and mesospheric sounder on Nimbus 7

Drummond, J. R.; Houghton, J. T.; Peskett, G. D.; Rodgers, C. D.; Wale, M. J.; Whitney, John G.; Williamson, E. J.

doi:10.1098/rsta.1980.0166

Cited by 110 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Murcray et al, 1968;Ackermann and Muller, 1972;Brewer et al, 1973;Burkhardt et al, 1975;Fontanella et al, 1975;Noxon, 1975). Satellite instruments have been regularly measuring these species since the launch of Nimbus-7 in 1979, which carried the Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (SAMS) for NO (Drummond et al, 1980) and the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) for NO and NO 2 (Gille et al, 1980). There was a visible light spectrometer on board the Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) spacecraft, which also made early measurements of NO and NO 2 (Mount et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of NO<sub>2</sub> and NO from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Vertical profiles of NO 2 and NO have been obtained from solar occultation measurements by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), using an infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and (for NO 2 ) an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrometer, MAESTRO (Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation). In this paper, the quality of the ACE-FTS version 2.2 NO 2 and NO and the MAESTRO version 1.2 NO 2 data are assessed using other solar occultation measurements (HALOE, SAGE II, SAGE III, POAM III, SCIAMACHY), stellar occultation measurements (GOMOS), limb measurements (MIPAS, OSIRIS), nadir measurements (SCIA-MACHY), balloon-borne measurements (SPIRALE, SAOZ) and ground-based measurements (UV-VIS, FTIR). Time differences between the comparison measurements were reduced using either a tight coincidence criterion, or where possible, chemical box models. ACE-FTS NO 2 and NO and the MAESTRO NO 2 are generally consistent with the correlative data. The ACE-FTS and MAESTRO NO 2 volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles agree with the profiles from other satellite data sets to within about 20% between 25 and 40 km, with the exception of MIPAS ESA (for ACE-FTS) and SAGE II (for ACE-FTS (sunrise) and MAESTRO) and suggest a negative bias between 23 and 40 km of about 10%. MAESTRO reports larger VMR values than the ACE-FTS. In comparisons with HALOE, ACE-FTS NO VMRs typically (on average) agree to ±8% from 22 to 64 km and to +10% from 93 to 105 km, with maxima of 21% and 36%, respectively. Partial column comparisons for NO 2 show that there is quite good agreement between the ACE instruments and the FTIRs, with a mean difference of +7.3% for ACE-FTS and +12.8% for MAESTRO.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of NO<sub>2</sub> and NO from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

et al. 2008

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“…Due to the observation geometry of limb sounding, emissions by gases in the thermal infrared are summed up over several hundreds of kilometres of air, which makes this technique ideal to detect (trace) gases with small volume mixing ratios or weak emission lines, especially as the cold background of space allows for a high signal to noise ratio. In the past, the technique of infrared limb-sounding was successfully used in several satellite experiments, for example by LIMS (Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere; Gille and Russel III, 1984), SAMS (Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder; Drummond et al, 1980), CRISTA (Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere; Offermann et al, 1999), or MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding; Fischer et al, 2008) to provide global trace gas distributions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISTA-NF measurements with unprecedented vertical resolution during the RECONCILE aircraft campaign

Ungermann¹,

Kalicinsky

Olschewski

et al. 2012

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. The Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescope for the Atmosphere -New Frontiers (CRISTA-NF), an airborne infrared limb-sounder, was operated aboard the high-flying Russian research aircraft M55-Geophysica during the Arctic RECONCILE campaign from January to March 2010. This paper describes the calibration process of the instrument and the retrieval algorithm employed and then proceeds to present retrieved trace gas volume mixing ratio cross-sections for one specific flight in this campaign. We are able to resolve the uppermost troposphere/lower stratosphere for several trace gas species for several kilometres below the flight altitude (16 to 19 km) with an unprecedented vertical resolution of 400 to 500 m for the limb-sounding technique. The instrument points sideways with respect to the flight direction. Therefore, the observations are also characterised by a rather high horizontal sampling along the flight track, which provides a full vertical profile every ≈15 km. Assembling the vertical trace gas profiles derived from CRISTA-NF measurements to cross-sections shows filaments of vortex and extra-vortex air masses in the vicinity of the polar vortex.During this campaign, the M55-Geophysica carried further instruments enabling trace gas volume mixing ratios derived from CRISTA-NF to be validated by comparing them with measurements by the in situ instruments HAGAR and FOZAN and observations by MIPAS-STR. This validation suggests that the retrieved trace gas volume mixing ratios are both qualitatively and quantitatively reliable.

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“…Global observation of atmospheric infrared limbemissions represents a reliable technique to obtain vertically resolved profile data of temperature, a variety of trace gases, aerosols, and clouds simultaneously, at daytime and at nighttime. First global infrared limb-emission observations of an extensive number of atmospheric trace species were made by LIMS (Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere; Gille and Russel III, 1984) and SAMS (Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder; Drummond et al, 1980) aboard the Nimbus 7 satellite. Trace gas fields obtained from these sensors and followon instruments such as the CRISTA instrument (Riese et al, 1999) greatly contributed to our understanding of the threedimensional composition, structure and large-scale dynamics of the middle atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomographic retrieval approach for mesoscale gravity wave observations by the PREMIER Infrared Limb-Sounder

Ungermann¹,

Hoffmann²,

Preusse³

et al. 2010

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. PREMIER is one of three candidates for ESA's 7th Earth Explorer mission that are currently undergoing feasibility studies. The main mission objective of PREMIER is to quantify processes controlling atmospheric composition in the mid/upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, a region of particular importance for climate change. To achieve this objective, PREMIER will employ the first satellite Fourier transform infrared limb-imager with a 2-D detector array combined with a millimetre-wave limb-sounder. The infrared limb-imager can be operated in a high spatial resolution mode ("dynamics mode") for observations of smallscale structures in atmospheric temperatures and trace gas fields with unprecedented 3-D sampling (0.5 km in the vertical direction, 50 km along track, 25 km across track). In this paper, a fast tomographic retrieval scheme is presented, which is designed to fully exploit the high-resolution radiance observations of the dynamics mode. Based on a detailed analysis of the "observational filter", we show that the dynamics mode provides unique information on global distributions of gravity waves (GW). The achievable vertical resolution for GW observations has values between the vertical sampling (0.5 km) of the dynamics mode and the vertical field of view (about 0.75 km). The horizontal across track resolution corresponds to the horizontal across track sampling of 25 km. Since the achievable along track horizontal resolution is about 70 km, the dynamics mode will provide GW limb-observations with a horizontal resolution comparable to nadir sounders. Compared to previous observations, PREMIER will therefore considerably extend the range of detectable GWs in terms of horizontal and vertical wavelength.

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The stratospheric and mesospheric sounder on Nimbus 7

Cited by 110 publications

References 1 publication

Validation of NO<sub>2</sub> and NO from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

Validation of NO<sub>2</sub> and NO from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

CRISTA-NF measurements with unprecedented vertical resolution during the RECONCILE aircraft campaign

Tomographic retrieval approach for mesoscale gravity wave observations by the PREMIER Infrared Limb-Sounder

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The stratospheric and mesospheric sounder on Nimbus 7

Cited by 110 publications

References 1 publication

Validation of NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and NO from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

Validation of NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and NO from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

CRISTA-NF measurements with unprecedented vertical resolution during the RECONCILE aircraft campaign

Tomographic retrieval approach for mesoscale gravity wave observations by the PREMIER Infrared Limb-Sounder

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Validation of NO<sub>2</sub> and NO from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

Validation of NO<sub>2</sub> and NO from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)