The Stratosphere–Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport 2008 Experiment

Pan, Laura L.; Bowman, Kenneth P.; Atlas, Elliot L.; Wofsy, S. C.; Zhang, Fuqing; Bresch, James F.; Ridley, B. A.; Pittman, J. V.; Homeyer, Cameron R.; Romashkin, P. A.; Cooper, William A.

doi:10.1175/2009bams2865.1

Cited by 112 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…The principal observations derive from daily flask samples on tall towers (4,984 total observations) and vertical profiles from aircraft (7,710 observations). Towerbased observations are collected as part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric (NOAA)/Department of Energy (DOE) cooperative air sampling network, and aircraft-based data are obtained from regular NOAA flights (23), regular DOE flights (24), and from the Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport 2008 (START08) aircraft campaign (25); all data are publicly available from NOAA and DOE. These observations are displayed in Fig.…”

Section: Model and Observation Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic emissions of methane in the United States

Miller

Wofsy

Michalak

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

492

526

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This study quantitatively estimates the spatial distribution of anthropogenic methane sources in the United States by combining comprehensive atmospheric methane observations, extensive spatial datasets, and a high-resolution atmospheric transport model. Results show that current inventories from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research underestimate methane emissions nationally by a factor of ∼1.5 and ∼1.7, respectively. Our study indicates that emissions due to ruminants and manure are up to twice the magnitude of existing inventories. In addition, the discrepancy in methane source estimates is particularly pronounced in the south-central United States, where we find total emissions are ∼2.7 times greater than in most inventories and account for 24 ± 3% of national emissions. The spatial patterns of our emission fluxes and observed methane-propane correlations indicate that fossil fuel extraction and refining are major contributors (45 ± 13%) in the south-central United States. This result suggests that regional methane emissions due to fossil fuel extraction and processing could be 4.9 ± 2.6 times larger than in EDGAR, the most comprehensive global methane inventory. These results cast doubt on the US EPA's recent decision to downscale its estimate of national natural gas emissions by 25-30%. Overall, we conclude that methane emissions associated with both the animal husbandry and fossil fuel industries have larger greenhouse gas impacts than indicated by existing inventories.climate change policy | geostatistical inverse modeling

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Section: Model and Observation Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic emissions of methane in the United States

Miller

Wofsy

Michalak

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

492

526

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Of the WETCHIMP models, seven provide a flux estimate on a suitable time step for boreal North America and six provide an estimate for temperate North America. These models include CLM4Me (Riley et al, 2011), DLEM (Tian et al, 2010), LPJ-Bern (Spahni et al, 2011), LPJ-WHyMe (Wania et al, 2010), LPJ-WSL (Hodson et al, 2011), ORCHIDEE (Ringeval et al, 2010), and SDGVM (Pan et al, 2010). Larger dots indicate tower and aircraft sites with regular observations over the 2-year period .…”

Section: Data and Atmospheric Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of wetland methane emissions across North America using atmospheric data and inverse modeling

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Existing estimates of methane (CH 4 ) fluxes from North American wetlands vary widely in both magnitude and distribution. In light of these differences, this study uses atmospheric CH 4 observations from the US and Canada to analyze seven different bottom-up, wetland CH 4 estimates reported in a recent model comparison project. We first use synthetic data to explore whether wetland CH 4 fluxes are detectable at atmospheric observation sites. We find that the observation network can detect aggregate wetland fluxes from both eastern and western Canada but generally not from the US. Based upon these results, we then use real data and inverse modeling results to analyze the magnitude, seasonality, and spatial distribution of each model estimate. The magnitude of Canadian fluxes in many models is larger than indicated by atmospheric observations. Many models predict a seasonality that is narrower than implied by inverse modeling results, possibly indicating an oversensitivity to air or soil temperatures. The LPJ-Bern and SDGVM models have a geographic distribution that is most consistent with atmospheric observations, depending upon the region and season. These models utilize land cover maps or dynamic modeling to estimate wetland coverage while most other models rely primarily on remote sensing inundation data.

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“…We interpret these data using a global bottom-up scheme for wetland emissions implemented in the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM). The ARC-TAS airborne campaign based in Cold Lake, Alberta (Jacob et al, 2010) conducted three flights over the HBL in early July, while the Pre-HIPPO campaign based in Boulder, Colorado (Pan et al, 2010) conducted 2 flights in the region in May-June.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude and seasonality of wetland methane emissions from the Hudson Bay Lowlands (Canada)

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL) is the second largest boreal wetland ecosystem in the world and an important natural source of global atmospheric methane. We quantify the HBL methane emissions by using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to simulate aircraft measurements over the HBL from the ARCTAS and pre-HIPPO campaigns in May-July 2008, together with continuous 2004-2008 surface observations at Fraserdale (southern edge of HBL) and Alert (Arctic background). The difference in methane concentrations between Fraserdale and Alert is shown to be a good indicator of HBL emissions, and implies a sharp seasonal onset of emissions in late May (consistent with the aircraft data), a peak in July-August, and a seasonal shut-off in September. The model, in which seasonal variation of emission is mainly driven by surface temperature, reproduces well the observations in summer but its seasonal shoulders are too broad. We suggest that this reflects the suppression of emissions by snow cover and greatly improve the model simulation by accounting for this effect. Our resulting best estimate for HBL methane emissions is 2.3 Tg a −1 , several-fold higher than previous estimates Worthy et al., 2000).

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The Stratosphere–Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport 2008 Experiment

Cited by 112 publications

References 50 publications

Anthropogenic emissions of methane in the United States

Anthropogenic emissions of methane in the United States

Evaluation of wetland methane emissions across North America using atmospheric data and inverse modeling

Magnitude and seasonality of wetland methane emissions from the Hudson Bay Lowlands (Canada)

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