The Strategy of Picornavirus Evading Host Antiviral Responses: Non-structural Proteins Suppress the Production of IFNs

Ma, Li-na; Stipkovits, L.; Szathmáry, Susan; Liu, Yongsheng

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02943

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…3 b ; Kruskal−Wallis test; P > 0.05)—supporting prior evidence that cyanobacterial methylation may only influence a small fraction of gene expression ( Walworth et al. 2017 ; Hu et al. 2018 ; Gärtner et al.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…2016 ) or those that have yet to be characterized ( Walworth et al. 2017 ; Hu et al. 2018 ; Gärtner et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2016 ), we hypothesized that m5C methylation may play a role in adaptation to a novel environment such as elevated CO 2 . Indeed, a few short-term studies have pointed to a role for multiple epigenetic controls in the acclimation of model cyanobacteria and diatoms to nitrogen stress and high-CO 2 , respectively ( Hu et al. 2018 ; Huang et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term m5C Methylome Dynamics Parallel Phenotypic Adaptation in the CyanobacteriumTrichodesmium

Walworth

Lee

Dolzhenko

et al. 2020

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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A major challenge in modern biology is understanding how the effects of short-term biological responses influence long-term evolutionary adaptation, defined as a genetically determined increase in fitness to novel environments. This is particularly important in globally important microbes experiencing rapid global change, due to their influence on food webs, biogeochemical cycles, and climate. Epigenetic modifications like methylation have been demonstrated to influence short-term plastic responses, which ultimately impact long-term adaptive responses to environmental change. However, there remains a paucity of empirical research examining long-term methylation dynamics during environmental adaptation in non-model, ecologically important microbes. Here, we show the first empirical evidence in a marine prokaryote for long-term m5C methylome modifications correlated with phenotypic adaptation to CO2, using a 7-year evolution experiment (1000+ generations) with the biogeochemically-important marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium. We identify m5C methylated sites that rapidly changed in response to high (750 µatm) CO2 exposure and were maintained for at least 4.5 years of CO2 selection. After 7 years of CO2 selection, however, m5C methylation levels that initially responded to high-CO2 returned to ancestral, ambient CO2 levels. Concurrently, high-CO2 adapted growth and N2 fixation rates remained significantly higher than those of ambient CO2 adapted cell lines irrespective of CO2 concentration, a trend consistent with genetic assimilation theory. These data demonstrate the maintenance of CO2-responsive m5C methylation for 4.5 years alongside phenotypic adaptation before returning to ancestral methylation levels. These observations in a globally distributed marine prokaryote provide critical evolutionary insights into biogeochemically important traits under global change.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…2016 ) or those that have yet to be characterized ( Walworth et al. 2017 ; Hu et al. 2018 ; Gärtner et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term m5C Methylome Dynamics Parallel Phenotypic Adaptation in the CyanobacteriumTrichodesmium

Walworth

Lee

Dolzhenko

et al. 2020

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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“…To combat viral infection, host cells must rapidly detect and inhibit a virus upon infection. However, viruses have evolved various mechanisms to evade detection and/or counteract antiviral pathways ( Wang et al., 2018 ). Our study reveals that this competition between picornaviruses and their host is initiated very early during infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viruses, in turn, actively counteract antiviral signaling pathways. For example, many picornaviruses produce proteases that target host dsRNA sensors or members of the IFN signaling cascade to prevent detection of the virus and concomitant production of antiviral signaling molecules ( Wang et al., 2018 ). Moreover, many RNA viruses shut down host translation and transcription, which may also hamper the antiviral response ( Chase and Semler, 2012 ; Walsh et al., 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translation and Replication Dynamics of Single RNA Viruses

Boersma

Rabouw

Bruurs

et al. 2020

Cell

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RNA viruses are among the most prevalent pathogens and are a major burden on society. Although RNA viruses have been studied extensively, little is known about the processes that occur during the first several hours of infection because of a lack of sensitive assays. Here we develop a single-molecule imaging assay, virus infection real-time imaging (VIRIM), to study translation and replication of individual RNA viruses in live cells. VIRIM uncovered a striking heterogeneity in replication dynamics between cells and revealed extensive coordination between translation and replication of single viral RNAs. Furthermore, using VIRIM, we identify the replication step of the incoming viral RNA as a major bottleneck of successful infection and identify host genes that are responsible for inhibition of early virus replication. Single-molecule imaging of virus infection is a powerful tool to study virus replication and virus-host interactions that may be broadly applicable to RNA viruses.

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Innate immune evasion mediated by picornaviral 3C protease: Possible lessons for coronaviral 3C‐like protease?

Stobart

Luo

2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Summary Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 is the etiological agent of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease‐2019, a multi‐organ disease that has triggered an unprecedented global health and economic crisis. The virally encoded 3C‐like protease (3CL pro ), which is named after picornaviral 3C protease (3C pro ) due to their similarities in substrate recognition and enzymatic activity, is essential for viral replication and has been considered as the primary drug target. However, information regarding the cellular substrates of 3CL pro and its interaction with the host remains scarce, though recent work has begun to shape our understanding more clearly. Here we summarized and compared the mechanisms by which picornaviruses and coronaviruses have evolved to evade innate immune surveillance, with a focus on the established role of 3C pro in this process. Through this comparison, we hope to highlight the potential action and mechanisms that are conserved and shared between 3C pro and 3CL pro . In this review, we also briefly discussed current advances in the development of broad‐spectrum antivirals targeting both 3C pro and 3CL pro .

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The Strategy of Picornavirus Evading Host Antiviral Responses: Non-structural Proteins Suppress the Production of IFNs

Cited by 12 publications

References 110 publications

Long-Term m5C Methylome Dynamics Parallel Phenotypic Adaptation in the CyanobacteriumTrichodesmium

Long-Term m5C Methylome Dynamics Parallel Phenotypic Adaptation in the CyanobacteriumTrichodesmium

Translation and Replication Dynamics of Single RNA Viruses

Innate immune evasion mediated by picornaviral 3C protease: Possible lessons for coronaviral 3C‐like protease?

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