The Strategy of Boosting the Immune System Under the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19) has raised considerable concern on the entire planet. On March 11, 2020, COVID-19 was categorized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic infection, and by March 18, 2020, it has spread to 146 countries. The first internal defense line against numerous diseases is personalized immunity. Although it cannot be claimed that personalized nutrition will have an immediate impact on a global pandemic, as the nutritional interventions required a long time to induce beneficial outcomes on immunity development, nutritional strategies are still able to clarify and have a beneficial influence on the interplay between physiology and diet, which could make a positive contribution to the condition in the next period. As such, a specific goal for every practitioner is to evaluate different tests to perceive the status of the patient, such as markers of inflammation, insulin regulation, and nutrient status, and to detect possible imbalances or deficiencies. During the process of disease development, the supplementation and addition of different nutrients and nutraceuticals can influence not only the viral replication but also the cellular mechanisms. It is essential to understand that every patient has its individual needs. Even though many nutrients, nutraceuticals, and drugs have beneficial effects on the immune response and can prevent or ameliorate viral infections, it is essential to detect at what stage in COVID-19 progression the patient is at the moment and decide what kind of nutrition intervention is necessary. Furthermore, understanding the pathogenesis of coronavirus infection is critical to make proper recommendations.

Nutritional and lifestyle changes required for minimizing the recovery period in home quarantined COVID‐19 patients of Punjab, Pakistan

“…The results are in agreement with previous studies of Alagawany et al. ( 2021 ) and Liu and Liu ( 2020 ) for symptoms of fever (83%–98.6%) and cough (46%–82%) and a lower presence of other mild symptoms such as chest pain, headache, breathing difficulty, and body pains.…”

“…Among the results for apparent symptoms, the presence of a sore throat, cough, breathing difficulty, fever, and chest pain were associated with delayed recovery. The results are in agreement with previous studies of Alagawany et al (2021) and for symptoms of fever (83%-98.6%) and cough (46%-82%) and a lower presence of other mild symptoms such as chest pain, headache, breathing difficulty, and body pains.…”

“…As far as the results for previous medical history were concerned, the prevalence of autoimmune disorders and diabetes mellitus imparted significant delays in recovery, as these can impair the immune system and ultimately serve as a risk factor for delayed recovery from COVID‐19 (Alagawany et al., 2021 ; Liu & Liu, 2020 ). Among the results for apparent symptoms, the presence of a sore throat, cough, breathing difficulty, fever, and chest pain were associated with delayed recovery.…”

Enhancing in vitro oocyte maturation competence and embryo development in farm animals: roles of vitamin-based antioxidants – A review

“…Different forms of Vit D3 (cholecalciferol) and its active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, Vit D2 (ergocalciferol), and 7-dehydrocholesterol (pro-Vit D3) all can inhibit iron-based liposomal lipid peroxidation (Wiseman, 1993) and activate gene expression, regulating several biological processes (Norman, 2006). Vit D has a potential role in human and animal reproduction and its low levels in serum associate with a depressed fertilization rate in IVF (Rosen et al, 2012;Alagawany et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2019;Attia et al, 2020b). Low concentration of Vit D 3 (25 pg/ml) during the IVC of secondary preantral follicles of rhesus macaques can increase their survival, whereas its high concentration (100 pg/ml) can improve antral follicle growth (Xu et al, 2016).…”

Medicinal Plants and Isolated Molecules Demonstrating Immunomodulation Activity as Potential Alternative Therapies for Viral Diseases Including COVID-19

“…Non-digestible nutrients that selectively promote the growth of normal intestinal bacterial flora are known to have beneficial effects on the large intestinal lining. After being hydrolyzed by gut bacteria, these nutrients may either bind to epithelia or get absorbed in the systemic circulation to stimulate the immune system ( 19 , 20 ). Among studied immunomodulation factors (including recombinant interferon-gamma (rINF-γ), interferon-alpha (rINF-α), ampligen, and CL246), a total of 738 factors exhibited significant antiviral activity and were recommended for prophylactic or therapeutic use in early-stage infections of several species of viruses ( 21 ).…”