The Strategy and Future of Biotechnology in Protecting the Global Environment

Abstract

Global warming is accelerating, and the average global temperature is projected to rise from 3.5 to 5.7°C by the end of this century. Therefore, there is a strong possibility that we will soon experience frequent global-scale abnormal weather events and severe water and food shortages. To avoid such crises, three issues must be urgently addressed: reduction of CO2 emissions, securing of energy sources that can replace fossil fuels, and securing of groundwater and food supplies. In this introductory chapter, we first discuss the development of new biotechnology processes such as CO2 sequestration by algae, biofuels, and biopolymers. Biofuels and biopolymers, in particular, will soon play an important role as alternatives to scarce fossil fuels. In addition, bioremediation technologies for widespread groundwater and soil contamination are discussed. Novel bioremediation technologies, such as gene editing and the use of artificial enzymes, have the potential to dramatically improve bioremediation throughput. This new biotechnological approach to the environment will be a decisive factor in ensuring food and beverage safety.