“…Our body of scholarship acknowledges the significance of design in teaching social and critical literacy. For instance, following the calls for enhancing civic engagement and service-learning in public writing and rhetorical contexts (Deans, 2000; Deans et al, 2010; Grabill, 2007), some scholarly efforts have been made to expand the design of multimodal projects as a form of critical practice in TPC instruction (Fleckenstein, 2010; Gries, 2019; Sheridan et al, 2012; Stone, 2018; Warren-Riley & Hurley, 2017). In practice, Sánchez (2017) posited that TPC practitioners must acknowledge design as a fundamental competency––“As design becomes a commonly expected competency for technical communicators, researchers in the field will have to develop multifaceted ways of studying the subject of design” (p. 384).…”