The storm surge problem in the bay of Bengal

Murty, T. S.; Flather, R. A.; Henry, R. F.

doi:10.1016/0079-6611(86)90039-x

Cited by 204 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Along the Bangladesh coast itself, tropical storms of 1876, 1891, 1970 and 1991, and the subsequent surges taken a toll of 100,000 lives (Gönnert et al 2001). It may also be noted that storm surges in the Bay of Bengal attracted the largest number of publications such as Das (1972), Flierl and Robinson (1972), Murty et al (1986), Khalil (1992), Vatvani et al (2000), Rao et al (2004), Kumar et al (2008) and Dube et al (2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storm surges in the Singapore Strait due to winds in the South China Sea

et al. 2012

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Among the semi-enclosed basins of the world ocean, the South China Sea (SCS) is unique in its configuration as it lies under the main southwest-northeast pathway of the seasonal monsoons. The northeast (NE) monsoon (November-February) and southwest (SW) monsoon (June-August) dominate the large-scale sea level dynamics of the SCS. Sunda Shelf at the southwest part of SCS tends to amplify Sea Level Anomalies (SLAs) generated by winds over the sea. The entire region, bounded by Gulf of Thailand on the north, Karimata Strait on the south, east cost of Peninsular Malaysia on the west, and break of Sunda Shelf on the east, could experience positive or negative SLAs depending on the wind direction and speed. Strong sea level surges during NE monsoon, if coincide with spring tide, usually lead to coastal floods in the region. To understand the phenomena, we analyzed the wind-driven sea level anomalies focusing on Singapore Strait (SS), laying at the most southwest point of the region. An analysis of Tanjong Pagar tide gauge data in the SS, as well as satellite altimetry and reanalyzed wind in the region, reveals that the wind over central part of SCS is arguably the most important factor determining the observed variability of SLAs at hourly to monthly scales. Climatological SLAs in SS are found to be positive, and of the order of 30 cm during NE monsoon, but negative, and of the order of 20 cm during SW monsoon. The largest anomalies are associated with intensified winds during NE monsoon, with historical highs exceeding 50 cm. At the hourly and daily timescales, SLA magnitude is correlated with the NE wind speed over central part of SCS with an average time lag of 36-42 h. An exact solution is derived by approximating the elongated SCS shape with one-dimensional two-step channel. The solution is utilized to derive simple model connecting SLAs in SS with the wind speeds over central part of SCS. Due to delay of P. Tkalich (&)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storm surges in the Singapore Strait due to winds in the South China Sea

et al. 2012

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“…Yet, the infrastructure was still limited in its capacity to buffer even low category cyclonic storms, such as the 1974 cyclone that made landfall through SWBD and claimed 600 human lives. Furthermore, the impact of the category-4 Great Bhola Cyclone in 1970, which claimed more than 300,000 human lives throughout Bangladesh, was also felt in SWBD (Murty et al 1986, Van Schendel 2009. Although the CEP did make the SES robust to normal flooding, the system as a whole was still fragile to extreme events such as cyclonic storms.…”

Section: Analysis I: the Traditional Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust-yet-fragile nature of partly engineered social-ecological systems: a case study of coastal Bangladesh

Ishtiaque¹,

Sangwan²,

Yu³

2017

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Modern social-ecological systems are often partly engineered to enhance the robustness (or reduce the variance) of human welfare to environmental fluctuations over a foreseeable time horizon. Recent studies show, however, that subtle trade-offs are usually inherent in such efforts of enhancing short-term robustness. Managing variance on short time scales is likely to be associated with the buildup of hidden fragilities on longer time scales. Using a flood-prone social-ecological system (SES) of coastal Bangladesh as an example, this paper investigates some of the ways in which such robustness-fragility trade-offs can manifest. This SES has been extensively modified in the last few decades through the construction of large-scale flood protection structures (polders) and the introduction of commercial shrimp farming to enhance the robustness of food production to hydrological variability. Our case study analysis of the long-term changes in the SES shows that, although the modifications helped with stability in short time scales, the resulting changes also induced unforeseen problems such as infrastructure maintenance issues, land degradation and sinking, and exposure to market volatility. With this paper therefore we contribute to better understanding of the notion of robustness-fragility trade-offs by illustrating an exemplary case of the phenomenon in the engineered coastal environment context.

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“…Ali 1979;Lwin 1980;Das et al 1983;Ghosh 1985;John et al 1983;Murty et al 1986;Flather 1994;Dube et al 2000Dube et al , 2004Rao et al 2012;Jain et al 2010). Detailed reviews on numerical studies on storm surges over BoB have been presented by Murty et al (1986) and more recently by Shaji et al (2014). They have indicated that in most cases the numerical storm surge models were forced with the reconstructed wind and pressure fields, adopting the methodologies based on Holland (1980) and Jelesnianski et al (1992) by utilizing the storm track data from JTWC and IMD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A good number of storm surge studies have been documented for BoB (NIO) basin using monograms, empirical, theoretical and numerical methods (e.g. Ali 1979;Lwin 1980;Das et al 1983;Ghosh 1985;John et al 1983;Murty et al 1986;Flather 1994;Dube et al 2000Dube et al , 2004Rao et al 2012;Jain et al 2010). Detailed reviews on numerical studies on storm surges over BoB have been presented by Murty et al (1986) and more recently by Shaji et al (2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of tropical cyclone wind field for simulation of storm surge/sea surface height using numerical ocean model

Das

Mohanty

Indu

2015

Model. Earth Syst. Environ.

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Coupled ocean-atmospheric phenomenon such as tropical cyclones (TC's) is governed by geophysical fluid dynamics. TC associated strong wind stress transfer momentum energy to the ocean surface that acts as the prime mechanism in modulating the sea surface and in generating the storm surge. A primitive equation, Princeton ocean model (POM) with free surface, sigma (terrain-following) coordinates and realistic bottom topography is configured in Bay of Bengal (BoB) to simulate the storm surge/sea surface height (SSH) and surface currents during a super cyclone TC05B 1999. TC wind fields are developed by adopting a suitable formulation based on partial conservation of angular momentum. Modeled TC wind fields are superimposed with QuikSCAT Satellite/National Centre for Environmental Prediction (QSCAT/NCEP) blended ocean surface winds to drive the three-dimensional ocean model. Model simulated storm surge and SSH are compared with limited available surge estimates/observations and multi-satellite observed AVISO (Archive, Validation and Interpolation of Satellite Oceanography) SSH, respectively to evaluate its performance.

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The storm surge problem in the bay of Bengal

Cited by 204 publications

References 21 publications

Storm surges in the Singapore Strait due to winds in the South China Sea

Storm surges in the Singapore Strait due to winds in the South China Sea

Robust-yet-fragile nature of partly engineered social-ecological systems: a case study of coastal Bangladesh

Development of tropical cyclone wind field for simulation of storm surge/sea surface height using numerical ocean model

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