The storage of infective spores of Vairimorpha necatrix (protozoa: Microsporida) in antibiotic solution at 4°C

Pilley, Barbara M.

doi:10.1016/0022-2011(78)90226-4

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Survival was best when spores were stored at -15°C in water, water plus glycerin, cadavers, cadavers in glycerin, and lyophilized cadavers. V. necatrix is very sensitive to germicides and various other chemicals, which is critical because bac terial and fungal contaminants in spore preparations are important factors in loss of viability (57,86). However, the antibiotics tetracycline, neomycin, and kanamycin effectively controlled bacterial and fungal contaminants without adversely affecting spore viability (86).…”

Section: Row Crop Pestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and Applied Control of Insects by Protozoa

Henry¹

1981

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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Protozoa have been recognized as important factors in the natural regula tion of the densities of certain insects. However, they have been given little consideration as applied microbial agents because entomophilic species cause chronic or debilitative infections in a narrow range of hosts. From a control standpoint, and ultimately from an economic standpoint, they could not compete with the more rapid, broad spectrum action of chemical insec ticides or the more virulent pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and certain fungi. Protozoa appeared useful only when low levels of pests could be tolerated, as in forests. Gradually, interest in protozoa as potential biological control agents has been increasing (98). Primarily, this is a result of pest management concepts that emphasize conservation and augmentation of existing natural control agents. This has been demonstrated by an increase in published research reports on applied use of protozoan microbial agents, along with some excellent reviews of certain aspects of protozoa (8, 9, 77, 78, 98). The body of literature dealing with natural and applied control by protozoa now is so extensive that no single review can provide a fully comprehensive treat ment of the subject. Since the review by McLaughlin (77) provided a fairly complete assessment of the subject prior to 1970 it seems appropriate that it should serve as a starting point for this review in order to demonstrate the progress over the past decade.

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Section: Row Crop Pestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and Applied Control of Insects by Protozoa

Henry¹

1981

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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“…The storage and longevity of insect-infecting microsporidia have been researched extensively (Oshima 1964;Henry and Oma 1974;Pilley 1978;Fuxa and Brooks 1979;Teetor-Barsch and Kramer 1979). Some species can be stored under refrigeration, in frozen water, lyophilized, or as vacuum-dried quantities and may be viable for greater than 20 years when stored in liquid nitrogen (Maddox and Solter 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viability of Loma salmonae (Microsporidia) under laboratory conditions

Shaw¹,

Kent

Adamson

2000

Parasitol Res

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The viability of the fish-infecting microsporidian Loma salmonae Morrison and Sprague, 1981 was determined under laboratory conditions by polar filament extrusion and infectivity to chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Extrusion rates of isolated spores decreased from 51.0% to 0.0% by 100 days after storage in fresh or sea water at 4 degrees C. Spores stored up to 95 days in either solution infected 80.0-100.0% of exposed chinook, although no spores infected fish at 100 days in one trial. Viability in Earl's balanced salt solution was tested up to 50 days, with 23.7% of spores extruding filaments and 80.0% of exposed chinook becoming infected. Spores frozen to -20 degrees C or -70 degrees C were unable to infect fish.

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“…Microsporidia such as N. algerae last for years under refrigeration (Undeen, 1990). In one study, Vairimorpha necatrix spores retained their viability for up to three years in distilled water at 5°C (Pilley, 1978). In contrast, spores of E. aedis lose their potential to germinate and to infect the mosquito larvae within only a day or two in cold storage, while surviving for weeks at room temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longevity and germination ofEdhazardia aedis(Microspora: Amblyosporidae) spores

Undeen

Becnel

1992

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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Edhazardia aedis is a polymorphic microsporidium of mosquitoes that is both horizontally and vertically transmitted to its host. Because it is being developed for biological control of mosquitoes, detailed knowledge is needed regarding the longevity and germation of its fragile, mosquito-infectious spore. Spores responsible for horizontal transmission were extracted from 7-10-day-old larvae (reared from infected Aedes aegypti eggs) and purified by Ludox density gradient centrifugation. Mature spores were variable in specific gravity, being found throughout the 20 and 60% zone in Ludox gradients. The optimal environment for spore germination was dilute KCl at pH 10.0-11.0; ammonia inhibited germination. Osmotic inhibition was almost complete in both sucrose and polyethylene glycol at concentrations equivalent to 40 atm. The spores retained their viability for a maximum of 21 days at 23±2°C, whereas when held at 5±2°C, their viability was completely lost within two days post-harvest. Potential for germination decreased along with infectivity, providing a simple assay for spore viability.

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The storage of infective spores of Vairimorpha necatrix (protozoa: Microsporida) in antibiotic solution at 4°C

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Natural and Applied Control of Insects by Protozoa

Natural and Applied Control of Insects by Protozoa

Viability of Loma salmonae (Microsporidia) under laboratory conditions

Longevity and germination ofEdhazardia aedis(Microspora: Amblyosporidae) spores

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