The stopped-flow technique in analytical chemistry

Gómez‐Hens, A.; Pérez‐Bendito, Dolores

doi:10.1016/0003-2670(91)87060-k

Cited by 68 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 214 publications

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“…In the stoppedflow technique the continuously moving unsegmented carrier stream containing the mixed sample plug/reagents zone, is stopped for a certain time enabling kinetic-based measurements to be taken at certain time intervals. Novel approaches to a variety of stopped-flow configurations and systems in flow injection have been described in detail by a number of authors [2,3,10,12,25,66,67,68,69,70].…”

Section: Automatic Analysers and Kinetic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New horizons in sequential injection kinetic analysis

Staden

Stefan

2002

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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The need to measure several quantities rapidly in the same sample has prompted the development of automated methods of analysis that in both the continuous and discontinuous modes offer the possibility of simultaneous determinations. The application of pH gradients and differential kinetic determinations dominate the simultaneous determination of two or more closely related species in mixtures without prior separation. Various options enable use of kinetic-based measurements for the simultaneous determination of different analytes in flow systems. Some possible general reactions are given and discussed. The scope of sequential injection kinetic analysis is illustrated with examples.

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Section: Automatic Analysers and Kinetic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New horizons in sequential injection kinetic analysis

Staden

Stefan

2002

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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“…Data acquisition of a signal that is produced by one of the components in the observation chamber is begun at this time. The time interval between the mixing of the reagents and the beginning of signal observation is usually only 1–2 ms and is referred to as the “dead time” [21,24]. …”

Section: Stopped-flow Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observed signal ( S ) as a function of the reaction time ( t ) is then obtained and can be fit to the following equation [21,24]. …”

Section: Stopped-flow Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical methods for kinetic studies of biological interactions: A review

Zheng

Zhao

et al. 2015

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

142

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The rates at which biological interactions occur can provide important information concerning the mechanism and behavior of these processes in living systems. This review discusses several analytical methods that can be used to examine the kinetics of biological interactions. These techniques include common or traditional methods such as stopped-flow analysis and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, as well as alternative methods based on affinity chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. The general principles and theory behind these approaches are examined, and it is shown how each technique can be utilized to provide information on the kinetics of biological interactions. Examples of applications are also given for each method. In addition, a discussion is provided on the relative advantages or potential limitations of each technique regarding its use in kinetic studies.

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“…Rapid injection experiments generally yield spectra that appear similar to static (nonreacting) conditions. In addition to rapid-injection techniques, a variety of stoppedflow NMR tube assemblies have been described (33,39,(42)(43)(44)(45).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized treatment of NMR spectra for rapid chemical reactions

Christianson

Landis

2007

Concepts Magnetic Resonance

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Application of NMR spectroscopy to fast irreversible reactions (t 1/2 < 0.7 s) has been hampered by limitations in instrumentation and general methods for modeling the complicated spectra that result. Analytical descriptions of nuclear spin dynamics during fast reactions, first solved by Ernst and coworkers, are limited to first-order reaction kinetics. We demonstrate that numeric methods enable simulation of NMR spectra for fast reactions having any form of rate law. Simulated stopped-flow NMR spectra are presented for a variety of common kinetic scenarios including reversible and irreversible reactions of first and second-order, multistep reactions, and catalytic transformations. The simulations demonstrate that a wealth of mechanistic information, including reaction rates, rate laws, and the existence of intermediates, is imbedded in a single NMR spectrum. The sensitivity of modern NMR instrumentation along with robust methods for simulating and fitting kinetic parameters of fast reactions make stopped-flow NMR an attractive method for kinetic studies of fast chemical reactions.

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The stopped-flow technique in analytical chemistry

Cited by 68 publications

References 214 publications

New horizons in sequential injection kinetic analysis

New horizons in sequential injection kinetic analysis

Analytical methods for kinetic studies of biological interactions: A review

Generalized treatment of NMR spectra for rapid chemical reactions

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