The Stigma of Being HIV-Positive in Africa

Rankin, William W.; Brennan, Sean; Schell, Ellen; Laviwa, Jones; Rankin, Sally H.

doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020247

Cited by 171 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…We also include a question asking whether the respondent knows someone who has died of AIDS. Given the stigma attached to this disease (Rankin, Brennan, Schell, Laviwa, & Rankin, 2005), we might expect to find hesitancy among survey respondents to admit to knowing a friend or relative who died of AIDS, and particular hesitancy when the interviewer is from a different racial or ethnic community.…”

Section: Ethnicity-of-interviewer Effects In 14 African Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who’s Asking? Interviewer Coethnicity Effects in African Survey Data

Adida

Ferree

Posner

et al. 2016

Comparative Political Studies

106

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Face-to-face interviews constitute a social interaction between interviewer and respondent, and in the African context, social interactions are strongly shaped by ethnicity. Yet research using African survey data typically fails to account for the effect of shared ethnicity on survey responses. We find that respondents give systematically different answers to coethnic and noncoethnic interviewers across surveys in 14 African countries, but with significant variation in the degree of bias across question types and types of noncoethnic dyads, with the largest effects occurring where both the respondent and interviewer are members of ethnic groups with a history of political competition and conflict, and where the respondent or interviewer shares an ethnicity with the head of state. Our findings have practical implications for consumers of African survey data and underscore the context dependence of the social interaction that constitutes the survey experience.

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Section: Ethnicity-of-interviewer Effects In 14 African Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who’s Asking? Interviewer Coethnicity Effects in African Survey Data

Adida

Ferree

Posner

et al. 2016

Comparative Political Studies

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Receiving an HIV diagnosis, stigma from one’s community, which often includes acts of interpersonal violence, and being confronted with a scarcity of treatment options also contribute towards unfavourable mental health outcomes (Hosegood, Preston-Whyte, Busza, Moitse, & Timaeus, 2007; Rankin, Brennan, Schell, Laviwa, & Rankin, 2005) and reduced adherence to anti-retroviral treatment (ART) (Boarts, Sledjeski, Bogart, & Delahanty, 2006), consequently posing a threat to survival. Stressors, both acute and chronic, to which inhabitants of LMICs are exposed often occur on a daily basis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of probable post-traumatic stress disorder and common mental disorders in a population with a high prevalence of HIV in Zimbabwe

Verhey

Gibson

Brakarsh

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: We investigated the prevalence of and factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and common mental disorders (CMDs), which include depression and anxiety disorders, in a setting with a prevalence of high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) within a primary care clinic, using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 and the 14-item Shona Symptom Questionnaire, both locally validated screening tools.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out with adult patients (n = 204) from the largest primary care clinic facility in Harare, Zimbabwe, in June 2016.Results: A total of 83 patients (40.7%) met the criteria for probable PTSD, of whom 57 (69.5%) had comorbid CMDs. Among people living with HIV, 42 (55.3%) had PTSD. Probable PTSD was associated with having experienced a negative life event in the past 6 months [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49–9.34] or screening positive for one or more CMD (adjusted OR 6.48, 95% CI 3.35–2.54).Conclusion: People living with HIV showed a high prevalence of PTSD and CMD comorbidity. PTSD screening should be considered when the CMD screen is positive and there is a history of negative life events.

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“…These factors, together with concerns regarding the confidentiality of death certificates, result in an underreporting of deaths from HIV/AIDS. 8,[12][13][14] Despite these issues, South Africa's vital registration system remains a key source of data; it comprises the largest continuous data set for causes of death in southern Africa. Analytic techniques for adjusting for known biases are needed to find a middle ground between uncritically using the raw data and discarding them altogether.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%