The sternocleidomastoid muscle variations: a mini literature review

Silawal, Sandeep; Schulze‐Tanzil, Gundula

doi:10.5603/fm.a2022.0045

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Analysis of the activation of both assessed muscles during movements showed high activity during rotation and extension-flexion movements. Both these muscles are primarily responsible for neck rotation when working unilaterally and for neck flexion (sternocleidomastoid) or extension (upper trapezius) when working bilaterally [9,10]. Additionally, as superficial muscles working on a larger moment arm than deep muscles, they are responsible for starting the movement and its range [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary actions of the muscle are rotation of the head to the opposite side, lateral flexion to the same side and flexion of the neck. The descending part of the trapezius muscle-the upper trapezius muscle (UT)-is responsible for the extension of the neck and bending of the head and neck to the side [9,10]. Proper coordination and cooperation between those two muscles are necessary for correct head and neck movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symmetry of the Neck Muscles’ Activity in the Electromyography Signal during Basic Motion Patterns

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Hadamus

Błażkiewicz

et al. 2023

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The activity of muscles during motion in one direction should be symmetrical when compared to the activity of the contralateral muscles during motion in the opposite direction, while symmetrical movements should result in symmetrical muscle activation. The literature lacks data on the symmetry of neck muscle activation. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the activity of the upper trapezius (UT) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles at rest and during basic motions of the neck and to determine the symmetry of the muscle activation. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was collected from UT and SCM bilaterally during rest, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and six functional movements from 18 participants. The muscle activity was related to the MVC, and the Symmetry Index was calculated. The muscle activity at rest was 23.74% and 27.88% higher on the left side than on the right side for the UT and SCM, respectively. The highest asymmetries during motion were for the SCM for the right arc movement (116%) and for the UT in the lower arc movement (55%). The lowest asymmetry was recorded for extension–flexion movement for both muscles. It was concluded that this movement can be useful for assessing the symmetry of neck muscles’ activation. Further studies are required to verify the above-presented results, determine muscle activation patterns and compare healthy people to patients with neck pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetry of the Neck Muscles’ Activity in the Electromyography Signal during Basic Motion Patterns

Figas

Hadamus

Błażkiewicz

et al. 2023

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Introduction of a New Classification of the Cleidooccipital Muscle

2022

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The “cleidooccipital branches” are integral muscular branches of the sternocleidomastoid muscles (SCM), as well as the trapezius muscles, which construct the anterior and posterior borders of the posterior triangle of the neck, respectively. The term “cleidooccipital muscle”, in the literature, generally describes the accessory muscle, which is proximally attached to the middle portion of the clavicle, separate from the clavicular attachment of the SCM or trapezius muscle, and crosses the posterior triangle of the neck obliquely. With proximity to either the trapezius or the SCM, the accessory cleidooccipital muscles can be divided into posterior and anterior accessory cleidooccipital muscles, respectively. At present, most of the descriptions in the literature associated with the accessory cleidooccipital muscles concern the posterior accessory cleidooccipital muscles. The anterior accessory cleidooccipital muscles are mostly recognized as a proximal clavicular-head-sided supernumerary variation of the SCM. We propose a new classification of these muscles, with nomenclatures to help researchers to differentiate the cleidooccipital branches or muscles from one another. Introducing this classification, we hope that more clarity can be achieved when addressing the so-called “cleidooccipital muscle” in the future.

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The sternocleidomastoid muscle variations: a mini literature review

Cited by 2 publications

References 30 publications

Symmetry of the Neck Muscles’ Activity in the Electromyography Signal during Basic Motion Patterns

Symmetry of the Neck Muscles’ Activity in the Electromyography Signal during Basic Motion Patterns

Introduction of a New Classification of the Cleidooccipital Muscle

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