The stereoacuity of macaque monkey

Sarmiento, Robert F.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(75)90026-7

Cited by 56 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Both monkeys tested were similar to human subjects in spatial and temporal frequency preferences and in actual threshold values. This observation extends previous reports claiming similarity of rhesus monkeys to man for such visual functions as acuity (Weinstein and Grether, 1940;Cowey and Ellis, 1967), stereoacuity (Sarmiento, 1975), luminosity and color vision (De Valois et al, 1974a), and visual spatial abilities De Valois et al, 1974b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Visual thresholds for shearing motion in monkey and man

et al. 1985

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A reaction-time task was used to determine the visual motion thresholds in humans and in macaque monkeys for sinusoidally modulated shearing motion of a random dot display, It was found that humans and macaques were very similar in their spatial frequency sensitivity profiles for shearing motion. These profiles were of a U-shape for all human and monkey subjects tested. Temporal frequency, varied over a wide range, did not influence the shape of the spatial frequency sensitivity curve, but only the threshold amplitudes. The above results held both for single and multiple temporal cycles of shearing motion. Previous reports for the human, using these same shearing motion stimuli, indicated no increase in threshold at the lower spatial frequencies. The reason for this discrepancy is that thresholds in the previous studies were not determined at a low enough spatial frequency to see clearly this increase in thresholds. Because of the striking similarity of the data for man and macaque, it is suggested that similar neural mechanisms underly the shearing motion sensitivity of the two species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Visual thresholds for shearing motion in monkey and man

et al. 1985

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“…However, one should not conclude fr om a negative result that stereopsis is absent or necessarily even poor since, as pointed out above, the massive ambiguities in Julesz patterns put very special burdens on the system. Among the species in which stereopsis has been shown convincingly are the macaque monkey (Bough 1970, Sarmiento 1975, the cat (Fox & Blake 1971), and the falcon (Fox 1978).…”

Section: Animal Psychophysicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Spatial Vision

Valois¹,

Valois²

1980

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

252

103

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“…DISCUSSION Neuronal sensitivity for object position-in-depth Our observations provide direct evidence that a large number of neurones in striate and prestriate cortex of the macaque are sensitive to positional retinal disparity. The stereoscopic properties of single neurones in A17 and A18, while much coarser than the stereoscopic capacities of humans and monkeys (Julesz, 1971;Sarmiento, 1975;Westheimer & McKee, 1978), suggest that these neurones perform the basic processing of disparity information as part of mechanisms leading to three-dimensional perception of objects. The populations of depth-tuned neurones, and tuned excitatory (Te) neurones in particular, may represent the neural substrate for central fusion of slightly disparate retinal images, and for the single cortical representation of a narrow region of space including the horopter and its immediate nearer and farther neighbourhood (Panum's fusional area).…”

Section: Monocular Left Binocularmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mechanisms of static and dynamic stereopsis in foveal cortex of the rhesus monkey

Poggio

Talbot

1981

The Journal of Physiology

333

101

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SUMMARY1. The sensation of stereoscopic depth rests on the central neural processing of signals evoked by the two retinal images of a single object in space. It was our purpose in this study to investigate in the behaving monkey the binocular cortical mechanisms that might underlie the ability to recognize the relative position and motion of objects in three-dimensional space.2. The large majority of neurones studied in A17 (n = 245), and all neurones studied in A18 (n = 21), were functionally connected to both eyes, and a substantial proportion (75 %) of these neurones were sensitive to positional binocular disparity. On the basis oftheir depth sensitivity profile, four types of stereoscopic neurones were recognized, each type characteristically sensitive to visual contours appearing in depth farther than, at, or nearer than the point of binocular fixation.3. Tuned excitatory and tuned inhibitory neurones display binocular facilitation and binocular suppression respectively, to stimuli over a narrow range of small disparities, including zero disparity, with more or less pronounced reciprocal responses to stimuli with larger disparities. These neurones, the tuned excitatory in particular, may be considered to be the substrate for central fusion of slightly disparate retinal images, and to provide the basis for the neural mechanisms leading to three-dimensional perception of objects with high stereoacuity (fine stereopsis).4. Two other sets of reciprocally organized neurones, near and far neurones, respond differentially to wider ranges of crossed and uncrossed disparities. The near neurones are activated by stimuli in front of and inhibited by stimuli behind fixation. The far neurones have the reciprocal depth sensitivity. These neural elements may be regarded as active in the processing of binocular information leading to qualitative depth estimates in the presence of double vision (coarse stereopsis).5. Binocular response selectivity for the direction of object motion-in-depth depends chiefly upon monocular sensitivity to the direction of retinal image motion, a property we observed in about one half of the foveal neurones. Cortical neurones with the same directional sensitivity for monocular stimuli in both eyes display coarse binocular selectivity for the trajectory of object motion but provide unambiguous signals for the direction of motion, towards the right or towards the left within the depth domain of the neurone. A small group of neurones (3 %) displays opposite and opponent directional sensitivity for stimuli in the two eyes. Their binocular response, therefore, is best when the two retinal images move in opposite directions at the same

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The stereoacuity of macaque monkey

Cited by 56 publications

References 15 publications

Visual thresholds for shearing motion in monkey and man

Visual thresholds for shearing motion in monkey and man

Spatial Vision

Mechanisms of static and dynamic stereopsis in foveal cortex of the rhesus monkey

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