The steps from sexual reproduction to apomixis

Fei, Xitong; Shi, Jingwei; Liu, Yulin; Niu, Jinshuang; Wei, Anzhi

doi:10.1007/s00425-019-03113-6

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Moreover, sequence analyses of the ACL in P. simplex and P. notatum revealed the presence of coding and non-coding sequences, pseudogenes, repetitive elements and heavy cytosine methylation [17][18][19][20][21]. Notwithstanding, comparative expression analysis led to identifying genes controlling the different apomixis components [22][23][24]. For instance, genes homologous to SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE1 (SERK1) [25] were detected both in Poa pratensis and P. notatum as related to the initial steps of apomixis development [26,27]; the QUI GON JINN (a MAP3K gene member of the YODA family) was reported as necessary to form aposporous embryo sacs in P. notatum [28,29], and the APOLLO gene was associated with apomeiosis in Boechera [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Epigenetic Marks Are Associated with Apospory Expressivity in Diploid Hybrids of Paspalum rufum

Soliman

Podio

Marconi

et al. 2021

Plants

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Apomixis seems to emerge from the deregulation of preexisting genes involved in sexuality by genetic and/or epigenetic mechanisms. The trait is associated with polyploidy, but diploid individuals of Paspalum rufum can form aposporous embryo sacs and develop clonal seeds. Moreover, diploid hybrid families presented a wide apospory expressivity variation. To locate methylation changes associated with apomixis expressivity, we compare relative DNA methylation levels, at CG, CHG, and CHH contexts, between full-sib P. rufum diploid genotypes presenting differential apospory expressivity. The survey was performed using a methylation content-sensitive enzyme ddRAD (MCSeEd) strategy on samples at premeiosis/meiosis and postmeiosis stages. Based on the relative methylation level, principal component analysis and heatmaps, clearly discriminate samples with contrasting apospory expressivity. Differential methylated contigs (DMCs) showed 14% of homology to known transcripts of Paspalum notatum reproductive transcriptome, and almost half of them were also differentially expressed between apomictic and sexual samples. DMCs showed homologies to genes involved in flower growth, development, and apomixis. Moreover, a high proportion of DMCs aligned on genomic regions associated with apomixis in Setaria italica. Several stage-specific differential methylated sequences were identified as associated with apospory expressivity, which could guide future functional gene characterization in relation to apomixis success at diploid and tetraploid levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Epigenetic Marks Are Associated with Apospory Expressivity in Diploid Hybrids of Paspalum rufum

Soliman

Podio

Marconi

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…As this would allow the fixation of advantageous and complex genotypes, it has an outstanding potential for crop seed production. However, although apomixis is phylogenetically distributed in all major groups of angiosperms and occurs in more than 400 species [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], it is largely absent in major crop species. Therefore, engineering of apomixis for harnessing in agriculture is a longstanding aim [8][9][10].…”

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confidence: 99%

Controlling Apomixis: Shared Features and Distinct Characteristics of Gene Regulation

Schmidt

2020

Genes

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In higher plants, sexual and asexual reproduction through seeds (apomixis) have evolved as alternative strategies. As apomixis leads to the formation of clonal offspring, its great potential for agricultural applications has long been recognized. However, the genetic basis and the molecular control underlying apomixis and its evolutionary origin are to date not fully understood. Both in sexual and apomictic plants, reproduction is tightly controlled by versatile mechanisms regulating gene expression, translation, and protein abundance and activity. Increasing evidence suggests that interrelated pathways including epigenetic regulation, cell-cycle control, hormonal pathways, and signal transduction processes are relevant for apomixis. Additional molecular mechanisms are being identified that involve the activity of DNA- and RNA-binding proteins, such as RNA helicases which are increasingly recognized as important regulators of reproduction. Together with other factors including non-coding RNAs, their association with ribosomes is likely to be relevant for the formation and specification of the apomictic reproductive lineage. Subsequent seed formation appears to involve an interplay of transcriptional activation and repression of developmental programs by epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. In this review, insights into the genetic basis and molecular control of apomixis are presented, also taking into account potential relations to environmental stress, and considering aspects of evolution.

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“…These defects can be attributed to random chromosome segregation during both male and female meiosis, which in turn results from impaired homologous centromere pairing and bivalent stabilization. Interstingly, DMC1 has been suggested to affect diplospory [194].…”

Section: Differentially Expressed Genes (Degs) Between Sangiovese Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and Candidate Genes for Seed and Fruit Set in Grapevine

Costantini¹,

Nwafor²,

Lorenzi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Grapevine reproductive development has direct implications on yield. It also impacts on berry and wine quality by affecting traits like cluster compactness, bunch and berry size, berry skin to pulp ratio or seedlessness. Seasonal fluctuations in yield, fruit composition and wine attributes, which are largely driven by climatic factors, are major challenges for worldwide table grape and wine industry. Accordingly, a better understanding of reproductive processes such as gamete development, fertilization, seed and fruit set is of paramount relevance for managing yield and quality. With the aim of providing new insights into this field, we searched for clones with contrasting seed content in two germplasm collections. Results: We identified eight variant pairs that seemingly differ only in seed-related characteristics while showing identical genotype when tested with the GrapeReSeq_Illumina_20K_SNP_chip and several microsatellites. We performed multi-year observations on fruit and seed set deriving from different pollination treatments, with special emphasis on the pair composed by Sangiovese and its seedless variant locally named Corinto Nero. The pollen of Corinto Nero failed to germinate in vitro and gave poor berry set when used to pollinate other varieties. Most berries from both open- and cross-pollinated Corinto Nero inflorescences did not contain seeds. The genetic analysis of seedlings derived from occasional Corinto Nero normal seeds revealed that the few Corinto Nero functional gametes are mostly unreduced. A number of genes potentially involved in sporogenesis and gametogenesis showed contrasting expression between Corinto Nero and Sangiovese and five missense single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified from transcriptomic data. The above findings suggest that the seedless phenotype of Corinto Nero is driven by pollen and/or embryo sac defects, and both events likely arise from meiotic anomalies. Finally, three genotypes, including Sangiovese and Corinto Nero, were unexpectedly found to develop fruits without pollen contribution and occasionally showed normal-like seeds. Conclusions: Our collective results suggest that parthenocarpy and stenospermocarpy are not restricted to Black Corinth (alias Korinthiaki) and Sultanina-derived cultivars. The single nucleotide polymorphisms identified between Sangiovese and its parthenocarpic variant Corinto Nero are suitable for testing as traceability markers for propagated material and as functional candidates for the seedless phenotype.

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The steps from sexual reproduction to apomixis

Cited by 34 publications

References 96 publications

Differential Epigenetic Marks Are Associated with Apospory Expressivity in Diploid Hybrids of Paspalum rufum

Differential Epigenetic Marks Are Associated with Apospory Expressivity in Diploid Hybrids of Paspalum rufum

Controlling Apomixis: Shared Features and Distinct Characteristics of Gene Regulation

Mechanisms and Candidate Genes for Seed and Fruit Set in Grapevine

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