The stem bark extracts ofCenostigma macrophyllumattenuates tactile allodynia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Abstract

Context: Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul. var. acuminata Teles Freire (LeguminosaeCaesalpinioideae) is popularly known as ''caneleiro''. Previous studies showed antioxidant action and analgesic effects of the ethanol extract from the leaves of C. macrophyllum. The phytochemical evaluation of the stem bark revealed the presence of antinociceptive compounds. Objective: To investigate the antinociceptive actions of the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction from C. macrophyllum stem bark in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and the involvement of opioid and nitrergic mechanisms. Materials and methods: STZ-rats received the ethanol extract (E.EtOH 200 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) during 5 weeks. In acute experiments, untreated diabetic rats were treated with the ethyl acetate fraction (F.EtOAc 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.), on the 28th day of diabetes induction when the opioid and nitrergic mechanisms were investigated. The mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) was determined by application of von Frey filaments. Results: Data show that STZ-induced diabetic rats developed a significant tactile allodynia during 5 weeks. Diabetic rats that received E.EtOH (200 and 300 mg/kg) and F.EtOAc (250 and 500 mg/kg) had a pain threshold higher than those in the STZ-vehicle group. F.EtOAc effects were inhibited by pretreatment with naloxone and were not influenced by L-arginine. Discussion and conclusion: The results suggest that the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of C. macrophyllum presented antinociceptive activity. Thus, F.EtOAc may be exerting its effect by affecting the opioid system, but nitrergic mechanisms are not detectable. The observed activity may be due to its gallic acid, lupeol and bergenin content.

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Solidago chilensis in rats

“…Hyperglycemia in diabetes may be related to numerous physiological events, such as decreased glucose in cells, reduced glucose utilization by various tissues, and increased hepatic production of glucose (gluconeogenesis) (Prabhakar et al, 2013). Complications experienced by patients with diabetes are often related to chronic hyperglycemia, including retinopathy, peripheral vascular disease, renal failure, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases that cause both morbidity and premature mortality (Hirany et al, 2000;Piaulino et al, 2013).…”

Application of response surface methodology for optimization of ultrasound‐assisted solid‐liquid extraction of phenolic compounds from Cenostigma macrophyllum

“…It is popularly known as “canela‐de‐velho,” “caneleiro,” and “catingueira.” 5 The leaves of this species are used in folk medicine for the treatment of stomach and intestinal diseases 5 . The extracts and compounds found in this plant show a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, 6 gastroprotective, 7 acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, 8 antinociceptive, and anti‐inflammatory effects 8–10 . Phytochemical investigation of the C .…”

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and biological activities of Cenostigma macrophyllum standardized extracts and determination and quantification of the main metabolites

“…41260 | RSC Adv., 2019,9,[41256][41257][41258][41259][41260][41261][41262][41263][41264][41265][41266][41267][41268] This journal is…”

“…In other studies dealing with antinociceptive actions of the ethanol, ethyl acetate extract and emulsion of hexane extract obtained from stem bark in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats showed a pain threshold higher than those in the STZ-vehicle group indicating antinociceptive activity but in this study the chemical composition of the extracts were presumed based on simple thin layer chromatography analysis and no evidences about the phenolics content. [8][9][10] Phytochemical studies with C. macrophyllum have led to the isolation and identication of avonoids, biavonoids, benzoic acid derivatives, peptide derivatives, triterpenoids, steroids, vitamin A and E, fatty acids, coumarin and volatile esters. 3,11,12 However, there are no reports in the literature on the development of a validated chromatographic method for the quantication of active principles present in this species.…”

“…LOQ is the limit of quantication.41258 | RSC Adv., 2019,9,[41256][41257][41258][41259][41260][41261][41262][41263][41264][41265][41266][41267][41268] This journal is View Article Online a The analyzes were performed in triplicate, for each level of concentration and the results expressed as mean. b Recoveries of compounds 1-3 were determined in MBCM extracts, while the recoveries of compounds 4 and 5 were measured in MBCM extracts.41260 | RSC Adv., 2019,9,[41256][41257][41258][41259][41260][41261][41262][41263][41264][41265][41266][41267][41268] This journal is…”