THE STATUS OF Y<sub>ATP</sub> AND MAINTENANCE ENERGY AS BIOLOGICALLY INTERPRETABLE PHENOMENA

Tempest, D. W.; Neijssel, Oense M.

doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.38.100184.002331

Cited by 287 publications

(103 citation statements)

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“…Production of propionate enables to save carbon and regenerate NAD + through reductive TCA cycle which can be coupled with anaerobic respiration, that is more efficient compared to acetate production through phosphoketolase reaction, with the respective ATP yields 4 mol/mol glucose vs 2 mol/mol glucose [41]. Increase of propionate production at low dilution rates can be related to proportionally higher requirements of carbon to maintenance energy than for assimilation of carbon to the biomass [42]. Hence, formation of propionate is favored at slow growth as more ATP is required for the maintenance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of fast and slow growing bacteria from fecal microbiota using continuous culture with changing dilution rate

Adamberg

2018

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease

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Background: Nutrient and energy metabolism in human colon depends on bacterial growth rate that is determined by the colonic transit rate.Objective: A novel approach, De-stat culture was used to distinguish the fast and slow growing sub-populations from fecal microbiota.Design: The enrichment and metabolism of bacteria from pooled fecal cultures of children was studied at dilution rates D = 0.2–0.0 1/h in mucin-supplemented media containing either arabinogalactan or apple pectin.Results: The study revealed clear differentiation of the fecal microbiota at higher (above 0.1 1/h) and lower (below 0.1 1/h) dilution rates, along with metabolic changes. Similarity of the fast and slow growing bacteria was observed in two different fecal pools and on both substrates, suggesting the dilution rate as the main triggering parameter for selection of bacteria. At high dilution rates, the species Collinsella aerofaciens, Dorea longicatena, Escherichia coli, Lachnoclostridium torques, and different Bacteroides (B. caccae, B. fragilis, B. ovatus, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. vulgatus) were dominant in both media variants. At low dilution rates, Akkermansia muciniphila, Eisenbergiella tayi, Negativicoccus succinivorans, and a group of Ruminococcaceae became dominant in both media and in both fecal pools. This change in bacterial population accompanied by the increased production of propionic and butyric acids as well as higher consumption of alanine and branched chain amino acids at low dilution rates.Conclusions: The study suggests that specific growth rate has important effect on the dynamics of colon microbiota. Manipulation of the proportions of fast and slow growing gut bacteria through modulation of the transit rate could be a target in human nutrition studies. The De-stat study would enable to predict changes in microbiota composition associated with the decrease or increase of the colonic transit rate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of fast and slow growing bacteria from fecal microbiota using continuous culture with changing dilution rate

Adamberg

2018

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease

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“…One factor that modulates the fractionation of carbon within an organism is growth rate. At submaximal growth rates, bacteria uncouple anabolism from catabolism (Tempest and Neijssel, 1984) and a larger fraction of the cell's energy budget is devoted to maintenance functions rather than biomass synthesis (Tempest and Neijssel, 1984;Russell and Cook, 1995). The decreased proportion of biosynthesis in the energy budget at submaximal growth rates can be measured by tracking the fate of carbon to biomass or CO 2 .…”

Section: Growth Efficiency Varies With Resource Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiology and ecological implications of efficient growth

2015

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The natural habitats of microbes are typically spatially structured with limited resources, so opportunities for unconstrained, balanced growth are rare. In these habitats, selection should favor microbes that are able to use resources most efficiently, that is, microbes that produce the most progeny per unit of resource consumed. On the basis of this assertion, we propose that selection for efficiency is a primary driver of the composition of microbial communities. In this article, we review how the quality and quantity of resources influence the efficiency of heterotrophic growth. A conceptual model proposing innate differences in growth efficiency between oligotrophic and copiotrophic microbes is also provided. We conclude that elucidation of the mechanisms underlying efficient growth will enhance our understanding of the selective pressures shaping microbes and will improve our capacity to manage microbial communities effectively.

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“…This is sometimes indicated as 'uncoupling between energy generation and biomass formation'. Little progress has been made in identifying the nature of this uncoupling, although a number of processes which could contribute have been proposed (Lagunas 1976;Lagunas& Ruiz 1988;Stouthamer 1979;Tempest & Neijssel (1984). However, since there is insufficient information so far about the magnitudes or relative contribution of any of these factors (including amongst others futile cycles and permeability of membranes to protons) this will not further be discussed here.…”

Section: Theoretical Analysis Of Biomass Formation From Glucosementioning

confidence: 99%

A theoretical evaluation of growth yields of yeasts

Verduyn

Stouthamer

Scheffers

et al. 1991

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

211

176

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Growth yields of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis in carbon-limited chemostat cultures were evaluated. The yields on ethanol and acetate were much lower in S. cerevisiae, in line with earlier reports that site I phosphorylation is absent in this yeast. However, during aerobic growth on glucose both organisms had the same cell yield. This can be attributed to two factors: -S. cerevisiae had a lower protein content than C. utilis; -uptake of glucose by C. utilis requires energy whereas in S. cerevisiae it occurs via facilitated diffusion. Theoretical calculations showed that, as a result of these two factors, the ATP requirement for biomass formation in C. utilis is 35% higher than in S. cerevisiae (theoretical YATP values of 20.8 and 28.1, respectively). The experimental YATP for anaerobic growth of S. cerevisiae on glucose was 16 g biomass-mol ATP -1.In vivo P/O-ratios can be calculated for aerobic growth on ethanol and acetate, provided that the gap between the theoretical and experimental ATP requirements as observed for growth on glucose is taken into account. This was done in two ways: -via the assumption that the gap is independent of the growth substrate (i.e. a fixed amount of ATP bridges the difference between the theoretical and experimental values). -alternatively, on the assumption that the difference is a fraction of the total ATP expenditure, that is dependent on the substrate. Calculations of P/O-ratios for growth of both yeasts on glucose, ethanol, and acetate made clear that only by assuming a fixed difference between theoretical and experimental ATP requirements, the P/O-ratios are more or less independent of the growth substrate. These P/O-ratios are approximately 30% lower than the calculated mechanistic values.

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THE STATUS OF Y_ATP AND MAINTENANCE ENERGY AS BIOLOGICALLY INTERPRETABLE PHENOMENA

Cited by 287 publications

References 1 publication

Selection of fast and slow growing bacteria from fecal microbiota using continuous culture with changing dilution rate

Selection of fast and slow growing bacteria from fecal microbiota using continuous culture with changing dilution rate

The physiology and ecological implications of efficient growth

A theoretical evaluation of growth yields of yeasts

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THE STATUS OF YATP AND MAINTENANCE ENERGY AS BIOLOGICALLY INTERPRETABLE PHENOMENA

Cited by 287 publications

References 1 publication

Selection of fast and slow growing bacteria from fecal microbiota using continuous culture with changing dilution rate

Selection of fast and slow growing bacteria from fecal microbiota using continuous culture with changing dilution rate

The physiology and ecological implications of efficient growth

A theoretical evaluation of growth yields of yeasts

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Product

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THE STATUS OF Y_ATP AND MAINTENANCE ENERGY AS BIOLOGICALLY INTERPRETABLE PHENOMENA