The Status of Women in the States: Women's Economic Status in the States: Wide Disparities by Race, Ethnicity, and Region

“What It Means To Be a Woman:” Ambivalent Sexism in Female College Students’ Experiences and Attitudes

“…These studies revealed that ASI scores were positively correlated with indices of gender inequality at the national level. Similarly, in South Carolina, as compared to other states in the nation, gender equality indicators show a relatively low number of women in seats of government and high-status positions, as well as reduced economic opportunities for women as compared to men (Hartmann et al 2006;Caiazza et al 2006;Goldberg and Hill 2007). That the current sample's ASI scores are higher than the normative U.S. samples of Glick and Fiske (1996) is consistent with the cross-cultural findings (Glick et al 2000) that higher sexism scores were related to higher gender inequality and lower status for women.…”

“…For example, the Southeastern U.S., compared to other areas of the nation, has strong ties with more traditional, or conservative, ideology. Reports of gender equality indices at the state level indicate that South Carolina, as compared to other states, ranks low for the status of women (Hartmann et al 2006;Caiazza et al 2006;Goldberg and Hill 2007). Keeping the cultural context of the region in mind, the present study's examination of a sample of American college women's ambivalent sexism scores, and their descriptions of daily life experiences that relate to ambivalent sexism, may help illustrate to other cultures the pervasive nature of attitudes of sexism, and shed light on which aspects of sexism may change or resist change as women's roles change within cultural contexts.…”

The S-Word: Discourse, Stereotypes, and the American Indian Woman

“…Contemporary examples of subordination and oppression include disparities in health care, economic and legal inequities, and health consequences of discrimination. For example, American Indian women have lower social and economic status than White women with lower earnings (58 cents on every dollar White men make), less education, more poverty (25%), more than a third (38%) of families headed by a Native woman are in poverty and receive poor quality health care (Caiazza, Shaw, & Werschkul, 2004). Native American girls are ''two to three times more likely to commit suicide and .…”

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Women's Retirement Security

“…Compared with white or Asian American women, African American and Hispanic women are less represented in managerial or professional-related occupations (Caiazza, Shaw, and Werschkul 2004). African American women tend to be overrepresented in service and production-related jobs, while Hispanic women tend to be over-represented in production-related jobs.…”