The status of ticks and tick-borne diseases under pastoral farming system in Uganda

Okello-Onen, J.; Rutagwenda, T.; Unger, Fred; Mwayi, W.; Erima, E

doi:10.1016/s1383-5769(98)80219-5

Cited by 4 publications

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“…There are many examples in Africa where tick and tick-borne disease control programmes have used up millions of US dollars from the fiscus Leta et al, 2013;Mapholi et al, 2014). It is estimated that the annual cost in US dollars of importing acaricides in different African countries are: Zimbabwe $9.3 million (Perry et al, 1990), Zambia $10 million (Pegram et al, 1988), Kenya $16 million (Tatchell et al, 1986), Tanzania and Uganda $26 million (Kagaruki, 1997;Okello-Onen and Nsumbuga-Mutaka, 1997), and Nigeria $30 million (Dipeolu, 1991). This is not an African problem alone but other countries also suffer the same fate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An aqueous extract of Maerua edulis (Gilg & Ben) DeWolf tuber is as effective as a commercial synthetic acaricide in controlling ticks on cattle in vivo

Nyahangare

Mvumi

Magona

et al. 2017

Industrial Crops and Products

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Farmers in Zimbabwe claim plant that extracts of Cissus quadrangularis, Aloe vera and Maerua edulis are effective at controlling cattle ticks. On-station experiments were conducted at Henderson Research Station to determine the in-vivo efficacy of crude aqueous extracts of Cissus quadrangularis (succulent stems), Aloe vera (succulent leaves) and Maerua edulis (leaves and tuber) at concentrations of 15%, 15% and 10% w/v respectively, against cattle ticks. An amitraz-based acaricide and water were used as positive and negative controls respectively. Thirty Mashona steers were allocated to the six treatments in a completely randomised design experiment where each animal was an experimental unit replicated five times. The animals were each sprayed weekly with 5 L of the test or control solutions using a knapsack sprayer after which full body tick counts were recorded every other day for seven weeks. The experiments were conducted between January and February when conditions are optimal for tick development. The M. edulis tuber extract was as effective as the amitraz-based commercial acaricide. The other three plants extracts were however, as ineffective as the negative water control. Maerua edulis tuber, soapy water-oil extract is effective against cattle ticks and have potential to be developed into an acaricidal product and thus benefit mostly resourcechallenged smallholder farmers who cannot afford commercial synthetic acaricides. In vivo studies using acaricidal plants are rare.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An aqueous extract of Maerua edulis (Gilg & Ben) DeWolf tuber is as effective as a commercial synthetic acaricide in controlling ticks on cattle in vivo

Nyahangare

Mvumi

Magona

et al. 2017

Industrial Crops and Products

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“…However, their use is fraught with many problems, including environmental pollution, development of resistance and high cost (Dipeolu and Ndungu, 1991;Kaaya, 1992). The annual cost of importing acaricides has been estimated at US $ 16 million in Kenya (Tatchell et al, 1986), 10 million in Zambia (Pegram et al, 1988), 9.3 million in Zimbabwe (Perry et al, 1990), 30 million in Nigeria (Dipeolu, 1982), 26 million in Tanzania (Kagaruki, 1997) and 26 million in Uganda (Okello-Onen and Nsumbuga-Mutaka, 1997). The annual cost of importing acaricides has been estimated at US $ 16 million in Kenya (Tatchell et al, 1986), 10 million in Zambia (Pegram et al, 1988), 9.3 million in Zimbabwe (Perry et al, 1990), 30 million in Nigeria (Dipeolu, 1982), 26 million in Tanzania (Kagaruki, 1997) and 26 million in Uganda (Okello-Onen and Nsumbuga-Mutaka, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for Innovative Tick Control Methods in Africa

Kaaya

2003

Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci.

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Ticks, and the diseases they transmit, are of great economic and medical importance worldwide, and especially in Africa, where they are considered to be the greatest animal disease problem. The four major genera of ticks are Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus, Hyalomma and Boophilus. Ticks harm their animal hosts by sucking their blood thus reducing growth rate and milk yield, cause mechanical damage to hides and skins causing tick worry, introduce toxins and predispose the animals to myasis. Theileriosis, cowdriosis and dermatophilosis are the major tick-borne and tick-associated diseases of grazing cattle in Africa. The conventional method of tick control is the application of chemical acaricides, but it is associated with a number of problems including environmental pollution, chemical residues in meat and milk products as well as in wool, development of tick resistance and high cost. Some of the alternatives to chemical control of ticks that are available in Africa are discussed in this paper.Resume-Les tiques et les maladies qu'elles transmettent sont d'une grande importance economique et medicale dans le monde, et plus particulierement en Afrique, ou elles sont considerees comme le principal probleme sanitaire du bitail. Les quatre principaux genres de tiques sont Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus, Hyalomma et Boophilus. Les tiques nuisent a la sante de leur hote en sugant leur sang, ce qui se traduit par une reduction du taux de croissance et de la production laitiere. Ils sont responsables d'alterations du cuir et de l'epiderme provoquant des lesions, injectent des toxines et predisposent les animaux aux myases. La theileriose, la cowdriose et la dermatophilose sont les principales maladies des animaux de pSturage transmises par les tiques en Afrique. La methode traditionnelle de controle des tiques est l'application d'acaricides chimiques mais elle s'accompagne de nombreux effets secoridaires, parmi lesquels une pollution de l'environnement, la presence de residus chimiques dans la viande et le lait ainsi que dans la laine, le developpement de resistance chez les tiques et un cout eleve. Quelques unes des alternatives au controle chimique des tiques disponibles en Afrique sont presentees dans cette publication.

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“…3,4 For instance, the annual cost for importing acaricides have been estimated at US$16 million in Kenya, 5 $10 million in Zambia, 6 $9.3 million in Zimbabwe, 7 $30 million in Nigeria, 8 $26 million in Tanzania, 9 and $26 million in Uganda. 10 In Australia and South Africa, resistance to benzene hexachloride was reported only 18 months after its introduction into the market. 4,11 In South Africa, resistance to DDT and toxaphane developed after five and four years, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential for Antitick Plants as Components of an Integrated Tick Control Strategy

KAYAA

2000

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Extracts from various African plants have been shown to possess strong acaricidal and/or tick repellent properties. Some of the plant extracts are capable of reducing tick feeding, molting, fecundity, and viability of eggs. Pasture grasses capable of repelling, trapping, and killing ticks have also been reported. These grasses possess hairs (trichomes) that retard ticks from climbing to the top of the grasses in order to attach themselves to passing animals. Furthermore, some grass species, such as Stylosanthes, produce viscous fluids that poison and kill ticks. Results obtained with antitick plants are presented in this paper and feasibility of using them in an integrated tick control strategy is discussed.

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The status of ticks and tick-borne diseases under pastoral farming system in Uganda

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

An aqueous extract of Maerua edulis (Gilg & Ben) DeWolf tuber is as effective as a commercial synthetic acaricide in controlling ticks on cattle in vivo

An aqueous extract of Maerua edulis (Gilg & Ben) DeWolf tuber is as effective as a commercial synthetic acaricide in controlling ticks on cattle in vivo

Prospects for Innovative Tick Control Methods in Africa

The Potential for Antitick Plants as Components of an Integrated Tick Control Strategy

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